All Flashcards
Compare stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination.
Generalization involves responding to similar stimuli, while discrimination involves responding only to the specific conditioned stimulus.
Compare habituation and extinction.
Habituation is a decrease in response to a repeated stimulus, while extinction is the disappearance of a conditioned response due to the absence of the UCS.
Compare classical conditioning and operant conditioning.
Classical conditioning involves learning through association of stimuli, while operant conditioning involves learning through consequences of behavior.
What are the steps in classical conditioning?
- Identify UCS and UCR. 2. Pair NS with UCS. 3. NS becomes CS. 4. CS elicits CR.
What is the process of extinction?
Repeatedly present the CS without the UCS, leading to a gradual decrease in the CR.
What is the process of spontaneous recovery?
After extinction, a period of rest occurs, and then the CS is presented again, leading to the reappearance of the CR.
Give a real-world example of classical conditioning in advertising.
Pairing a product (NS) with attractive people or enjoyable music (UCS) to create a positive association (CR).
How can classical conditioning explain taste aversions in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy?
Chemotherapy (UCS) causes nausea (UCR). If a patient eats a certain food (NS) before chemo, they may develop a taste aversion (CR) to that food (CS).
How is counterconditioning used to treat phobias?
Pairing the feared stimulus (CS) with a relaxing or positive stimulus (UCS) to reduce the fear response (CR).
How can classical conditioning be used to train pets?
Pairing a command (NS) with a treat or praise (UCS) to create a conditioned response (CR) of obedience to the command (CS).
Give an example of how classical conditioning can lead to anxiety.
A person experiences a panic attack (UCR) in a specific location (UCS). The location (CS) can then trigger anxiety (CR).