All Flashcards
Give a real-world example of classical conditioning in advertising.
Pairing a product (NS) with attractive people or enjoyable music (UCS) to create a positive association (CR).
How can classical conditioning explain taste aversions in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy?
Chemotherapy (UCS) causes nausea (UCR). If a patient eats a certain food (NS) before chemo, they may develop a taste aversion (CR) to that food (CS).
How is counterconditioning used to treat phobias?
Pairing the feared stimulus (CS) with a relaxing or positive stimulus (UCS) to reduce the fear response (CR).
How can classical conditioning be used to train pets?
Pairing a command (NS) with a treat or praise (UCS) to create a conditioned response (CR) of obedience to the command (CS).
Give an example of how classical conditioning can lead to anxiety.
A person experiences a panic attack (UCR) in a specific location (UCS). The location (CS) can then trigger anxiety (CR).
What are the steps in classical conditioning?
- Identify UCS and UCR. 2. Pair NS with UCS. 3. NS becomes CS. 4. CS elicits CR.
What is the process of extinction?
Repeatedly present the CS without the UCS, leading to a gradual decrease in the CR.
What is the process of spontaneous recovery?
After extinction, a period of rest occurs, and then the CS is presented again, leading to the reappearance of the CR.
What is the effect of repeatedly presenting the CS without the UCS?
Extinction occurs, leading to a gradual weakening and disappearance of the CR.
What is the impact of stimulus generalization?
Responding to similar stimuli can lead to both adaptive and maladaptive behaviors, such as fearing all dogs after being bitten by one.
What is the effect of forward conditioning?
It is the most effective method for establishing a conditioned response.
What is the effect of biological preparedness on learning?
Organisms are more likely to quickly learn associations that are crucial for survival, such as taste aversions.
What is the effect of counterconditioning on phobias?
It can reduce or eliminate phobic responses by replacing negative associations with positive ones.