All Flashcards
Explain the role of model characteristics in observational learning.
We are more likely to imitate models who are similar to us, competent, powerful, or prestigious.
How does model similarity affect behavior copying?
The more similar a model is to us (e.g., age, gender, culture), the more likely we are to copy their behavior.
What is the key difference between insight learning and operant conditioning?
Insight learning involves a sudden realization, while operant conditioning involves gradual learning through trial and error.
How does latent learning demonstrate the role of cognition in learning?
It shows that learning can occur without immediate reinforcement or motivation, indicating a cognitive process of information acquisition.
Explain the concept of vicarious reinforcement.
Learning by observing someone else being rewarded for a behavior, which increases the likelihood of imitating that behavior.
Explain the concept of vicarious punishment.
Learning by observing someone else being punished for a behavior, which decreases the likelihood of imitating that behavior.
What role does understanding play in social learning?
Social learning is not just about mimicking; it's about understanding the consequences of actions through observation.
What did Kohler's chimps demonstrate?
Insight learning by stacking boxes to reach bananas.
What did Tolman's rats demonstrate?
Latent learning by exploring mazes without rewards but quickly finding the food when it was introduced.
Why are cognitive maps important?
They are mental representations of spaces that allow navigation and understanding of the environment.
How does social learning theory explain celebrity endorsements?
We see celebrities as prestigious models and are more likely to purchase products they endorse.
How can vicarious reinforcement be used in education?
Teachers can praise students who demonstrate desired behaviors to encourage other students to imitate those behaviors.
Give an example of latent learning in everyday life.
Learning the layout of your neighborhood by walking around, even if you don't actively try to memorize it.
How can insight learning be facilitated in problem-solving?
By encouraging individuals to consider different perspectives and restructure their understanding of the problem.
How is observational learning used in therapy?
Modeling appropriate behaviors for clients to imitate and learn from.
How can latent learning affect decision-making?
Prior experiences and passively acquired knowledge can influence choices even when not consciously recalled.
In what way does insight learning apply to creative problem-solving?
It allows for sudden breakthroughs and novel solutions by restructuring the problem.
How can understanding cognitive maps improve urban planning?
By designing spaces that are easy to navigate and remember, improving the user experience.
How does vicarious punishment affect parenting?
Parents can teach children by showing them the consequences of others' actions, such as siblings or peers.
How does social learning theory apply to workplace training?
Employees can learn by observing experienced colleagues and imitating their successful strategies.
Define observational learning.
Learning by watching others' behaviors and their consequences.
What is vicarious conditioning?
Learning about the consequences of a behavior by observing others being reinforced or punished for it.
Define insight learning.
A sudden realization of the solution to a problem, often involving a mental restructuring.
What is latent learning?
Learning that occurs without any obvious reinforcement and is not demonstrated until it is needed.
Define cognitive maps.
Mental representations of physical spaces, allowing navigation and understanding of the environment.
What is 'modeling' in social learning?
Imitating the behavior of others, especially those who are similar, competent, powerful, or prestigious.
Define 'identification' in the context of social learning.
The process of relating to a model, increasing the likelihood of imitating their behavior.
What is cognitive restructuring?
Reorganizing one's understanding of a problem to facilitate a sudden insight or solution.
What is reinforcement in vicarious conditioning?
Observing someone else being rewarded for a behavior, which increases the likelihood of imitating that behavior.
What is punishment in vicarious conditioning?
Observing someone else being punished for a behavior, which decreases the likelihood of imitating that behavior.