All Flashcards
What is the effect of observing a model being rewarded?
Increased likelihood of imitating the model's behavior (vicarious reinforcement).
What is the effect of observing a model being punished?
Decreased likelihood of imitating the model's behavior (vicarious punishment).
What causes insight learning?
A mental restructuring of the problem, leading to a sudden understanding of the solution.
What is the effect of exploring an environment without reward?
The development of a cognitive map, which can be used later when a reward is introduced (latent learning).
What is the effect of identifying with a model?
Increased likelihood of imitating the model's behavior due to a sense of connection and shared characteristics.
What is the effect of shared cultural background on modeling?
Increases the likelihood of copying a model's behavior because it seems more appropriate.
What is the effect of suddenly solving a problem through a mental restructuring?
Insight learning, characterized by an 'aha!' moment.
What is the effect of learning without immediate reinforcement?
Latent learning, where knowledge is hidden until needed.
What is the cause of celebrity endorsements being effective?
People see celebrities as prestigious models, increasing the likelihood of purchasing the endorsed product.
What is the effect of praise on behavior?
Increases the likelihood of repeating the behavior that was praised.
Define observational learning.
Learning by watching others' behaviors and their consequences.
What is vicarious conditioning?
Learning about the consequences of a behavior by observing others being reinforced or punished for it.
Define insight learning.
A sudden realization of the solution to a problem, often involving a mental restructuring.
What is latent learning?
Learning that occurs without any obvious reinforcement and is not demonstrated until it is needed.
Define cognitive maps.
Mental representations of physical spaces, allowing navigation and understanding of the environment.
What is 'modeling' in social learning?
Imitating the behavior of others, especially those who are similar, competent, powerful, or prestigious.
Define 'identification' in the context of social learning.
The process of relating to a model, increasing the likelihood of imitating their behavior.
What is cognitive restructuring?
Reorganizing one's understanding of a problem to facilitate a sudden insight or solution.
What is reinforcement in vicarious conditioning?
Observing someone else being rewarded for a behavior, which increases the likelihood of imitating that behavior.
What is punishment in vicarious conditioning?
Observing someone else being punished for a behavior, which decreases the likelihood of imitating that behavior.
How does social learning theory explain celebrity endorsements?
We see celebrities as prestigious models and are more likely to purchase products they endorse.
How can vicarious reinforcement be used in education?
Teachers can praise students who demonstrate desired behaviors to encourage other students to imitate those behaviors.
Give an example of latent learning in everyday life.
Learning the layout of your neighborhood by walking around, even if you don't actively try to memorize it.
How can insight learning be facilitated in problem-solving?
By encouraging individuals to consider different perspectives and restructure their understanding of the problem.
How is observational learning used in therapy?
Modeling appropriate behaviors for clients to imitate and learn from.
How can latent learning affect decision-making?
Prior experiences and passively acquired knowledge can influence choices even when not consciously recalled.
In what way does insight learning apply to creative problem-solving?
It allows for sudden breakthroughs and novel solutions by restructuring the problem.
How can understanding cognitive maps improve urban planning?
By designing spaces that are easy to navigate and remember, improving the user experience.
How does vicarious punishment affect parenting?
Parents can teach children by showing them the consequences of others' actions, such as siblings or peers.
How does social learning theory apply to workplace training?
Employees can learn by observing experienced colleagues and imitating their successful strategies.