zuai-logo
zuai-logo
  1. AP Psych New
FlashcardFlashcard
Study GuideStudy GuideQuestion BankQuestion Bank

What is an optimistic explanatory style?

Good things are internal, stable, and global; bad things are external, unstable, and specific.

Flip to see [answer/question]
Flip to see [answer/question]
Revise later
SpaceTo flip
If confident

All Flashcards

What is an optimistic explanatory style?

Good things are internal, stable, and global; bad things are external, unstable, and specific.

What is a pessimistic explanatory style?

Good things are external, unstable, and specific; bad things are internal, stable, and global.

What is upward social comparison?

Comparing yourself to someone who's better off; can be motivating or hurt self-esteem.

What is downward social comparison?

Comparing yourself to someone who's worse off; can boost self-esteem but hinder motivation.

Explain the concept of attribution.

The process by which individuals explain the causes of behavior and events.

Explain the concept of internal attribution.

Assigning the cause of behavior to internal factors such as personality, abilities, or effort.

Explain the concept of external attribution.

Assigning the cause of behavior to external factors such as the situation, luck, or other people.

Explain the concept of self-serving bias.

The tendency to attribute successes to internal factors and failures to external factors to maintain self-esteem.

Explain the concept of fundamental attribution error.

The tendency to overestimate the role of dispositional factors and underestimate situational factors when explaining others' behavior.

Explain the concept of the mere exposure effect.

The phenomenon where repeated exposure to a stimulus leads to increased liking of that stimulus.

Explain the concept of self-fulfilling prophecy.

A belief or expectation that leads to behavior that causes the belief to come true.

How does internal locus of control apply to mental health?

It usually leads to better mental health and better coping with stress.

How does external locus of control apply to motivation?

It can lead to learned helplessness and less motivation to change.

Give an example of the mere exposure effect in marketing.

Liking a brand more after seeing its ads repeatedly.

How can self-fulfilling prophecies affect education?

A teacher's expectations can influence student performance positively or negatively.

How can understanding attribution theory help in conflict resolution?

By recognizing biases and considering situational factors, individuals can better understand and resolve conflicts.

How is locus of control related to academic achievement?

Students with an internal locus of control tend to perform better academically because they believe their effort matters.

How can the mere exposure effect be used in advertising?

Repeatedly showing an ad can make people more likely to develop a positive attitude toward the product.

How can self-fulfilling prophecies impact workplace dynamics?

If managers believe in their team's potential, they may foster a more supportive environment, leading to higher performance.

How does social comparison affect consumer behavior?

People often buy products to keep up with social norms or to feel superior to others.

How can attribution theory explain prejudice?

People may attribute negative behaviors of a group to dispositional factors (e.g., laziness) rather than situational factors (e.g., lack of opportunity).

Compare internal and external attributions.

Internal attributions focus on personal characteristics; external attributions focus on situational factors.

Compare optimistic and pessimistic explanatory styles.

Optimistic styles attribute good events to internal factors and bad events to external factors, while pessimistic styles do the opposite.

Compare actor-observer bias and fundamental attribution error.

Actor-observer bias involves explaining our own behavior, while fundamental attribution error involves explaining others' behavior.

Compare upward and downward social comparison.

Upward comparison is comparing to someone better off, downward is comparing to someone worse off.

Compare internal and external locus of control.

Internal locus of control is the belief that you control your own destiny, while external locus of control is the belief that outside forces control your life.

Compare the fundamental attribution error and the self-serving bias.

The fundamental attribution error is about judging others' behavior, while the self-serving bias is about judging our own behavior.

Compare dispositional and situational attributions.

Dispositional attributions explain behavior based on internal factors, while situational attributions explain behavior based on external factors.

Compare optimistic and pessimistic explanatory styles in terms of their impact on motivation.

Optimistic styles tend to enhance motivation, while pessimistic styles tend to decrease it.

Compare the effects of upward and downward social comparison on self-esteem.

Upward social comparison can lower self-esteem, while downward social comparison can raise it.

Compare the impact of internal and external locus of control on academic performance.

Students with an internal locus of control tend to perform better academically due to their belief in their own abilities and efforts, while those with an external locus may feel helpless and less motivated.