All Flashcards
What are the causes and effects of normative influence?
Cause: Desire to fit in. Effect: Conformity to group norms and behaviors.
What are the causes and effects of informational influence?
Cause: Ambiguous situation and belief that others know more. Effect: Following the lead of others for guidance.
What are the causes and effects of group polarization?
Cause: Discussion among like-minded individuals. Effect: More extreme views on the topic.
What are the causes and effects of the bystander effect?
Cause: Diffusion of responsibility and pluralistic ignorance. Effect: Reduced likelihood of individuals helping in an emergency.
What are the causes and effects of social loafing?
Cause: Reduced individual accountability in a group. Effect: Decreased individual effort towards a common goal.
What are the causes and effects of deindividuation?
Cause: Anonymity and reduced self-awareness in a group. Effect: Impulsive and sometimes antisocial behavior.
What are the causes and effects of superordinate goals?
Cause: Shared objectives requiring cooperation. Effect: Reduced conflict and increased group cohesion.
What are the causes and effects of social traps?
Cause: Prioritizing short-term self-interest. Effect: Depletion of resources and long-term collective harm.
What are the causes and effects of the foot-in-the-door technique?
Cause: Agreement to a small initial request. Effect: Increased likelihood of agreeing to a larger subsequent request.
What are the causes and effects of the door-in-the-face technique?
Cause: Initial rejection of a large request. Effect: Increased likelihood of agreeing to a smaller, more reasonable request.
What are social norms?
Unwritten rules dictating behavior in different situations.
Define social roles.
Parts we play in society based on age, gender, and status.
What is normative influence?
Conforming to group norms to avoid rejection and gain acceptance.
Define informational influence.
Looking to others for guidance, especially in confusing situations.
What is the halo effect?
Assuming someone has other positive qualities because they are attractive.
Define group polarization.
When like-minded people discuss an issue, their views become more extreme.
What is groupthink?
Desire for harmony overrides critical thinking, leading to bad decisions.
Define social loafing.
Exerting less effort when working in a group.
What is deindividuation?
Loss of self-awareness and restraint in a group, leading to impulsive behavior.
Define altruism.
Helping others without expecting anything in return.
Compare normative and informational influence.
Normative: Conform to fit in. Informational: Conform because you believe others are correct.
Compare individualistic and collectivistic cultures.
Individualistic: Emphasize personal goals. Collectivistic: Emphasize group harmony.
Compare social loafing and social facilitation.
Social Loafing: Reduced effort in groups. Social Facilitation: Improved performance on simple tasks in the presence of others.
Compare the central and peripheral routes to persuasion.
Central: Logic-based, lasting change. Peripheral: Emotion-based, temporary change.
Compare obedience and conformity.
Obedience: Following direct orders. Conformity: Adjusting behavior to fit in with a group.
Compare altruism and the social reciprocity norm.
Altruism: Helping with no expectation of return. Social Reciprocity: Helping with the expectation of future help.
Compare diffusion of responsibility and pluralistic ignorance.
Diffusion of Responsibility: Feeling less responsible in a group. Pluralistic Ignorance: Assuming others interpret a situation differently.
Compare superordinate goals and social traps.
Superordinate Goals: Promote cooperation. Social Traps: Lead to collective harm.
Compare the foot-in-the-door and door-in-the-face techniques.
Foot-in-the-Door: Start small, then go big. Door-in-the-Face: Start big, then go smaller.
Compare job satisfaction and burnout.
Job Satisfaction: Happiness with work. Burnout: Exhaustion from work stress.