All Flashcards
What is the effect of increased serotonin and norepinephrine?
Regulates mood, often alleviating depression symptoms.
What is the effect of enhancing GABA?
Reduces anxiety symptoms.
What can be the effect of long-term antipsychotic use?
Potential development of tardive dyskinesia, characterized by involuntary movements.
What is the effect of a strong therapeutic alliance?
Increases the likelihood of successful therapy outcomes.
What was the effect of developing effective medications on mental health treatment?
Largely drove deinstitutionalization, the shift from long-term stays in mental hospitals to community-based care.
What is the effect of challenging irrational beliefs?
Reduces emotional distress, as targeted by REBT.
What is the effect of providing unconditional positive regard?
Creates a safe and non-judgmental environment in therapy.
What is the effect of nonmaleficence?
Avoid actions that could hurt clients.
What is the effect of cognitive restructuring?
Changes thinking patterns.
What is the effect of lesioning procedures?
Destroy small areas of the brain thought to contribute to the disorder.
What is the effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?
Induces controlled seizures through electrical stimulation. Primarily used for severe, treatment-resistant depression.
Define psychotherapy.
Talking therapy to address emotional and behavioral issues.
Define psychotropic medication.
Drugs that affect mental states and behaviors.
Define deinstitutionalization.
The shift from long-term stays in mental hospitals to community-based care.
Define nonmaleficence.
"Do no harm." Avoid actions that could hurt clients.
Define fidelity (in ethical terms).
Be loyal, truthful, and keep promises.
Define integrity (in ethical terms).
Be accurate, honest, and truthful in all practices.
Define free association.
Clients say whatever comes to mind without censoring.
Define cognitive restructuring.
Identifying and challenging negative or distorted thoughts.
Define exposure therapies.
Gradually expose clients to feared stimuli while teaching relaxation techniques.
Define active listening.
Fully attending to and understanding the client's perspective without judgment.
Define unconditional positive regard.
The therapist accepts and supports the client, regardless of their actions or feelings.
Define tardive dyskinesia.
A potential side effect of long-term antipsychotic use, characterized by involuntary movements.
What is meta-analysis in psychotherapy research?
A "study of studies." Researchers combine data from many studies to see the bigger picture of treatment effectiveness.
What are evidence-based interventions?
Treatments that have been rigorously tested and proven effective through scientific research.
What is the therapeutic alliance?
A strong, positive relationship between the therapist and client that is essential for successful therapy.
Explain decentralized treatment.
Providing care in community settings (clinics, group homes) rather than large institutions to make care more accessible and less isolating.
What is combination therapy?
Using both medication and psychotherapy. Often more effective than either method alone.
What is the cognitive triad?
Negative thoughts about oneself, the world, and the future.
What is dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)?
Combines cognitive and behavioral techniques to regulate emotions, tolerate distress, and improve relationships.
What is rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)?
Challenges irrational beliefs that cause emotional distress.
Explain the use of hypnosis in treatment.
Can be effective in managing chronic pain and reducing anxiety related to medical procedures, but not reliable for memory retrieval.
Describe the purpose of lesioning procedures.
Destroy small areas of the brain thought to contribute to the disorder.
What is Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)?
Uses magnetic fields to stimulate or inhibit brain activity; showing promise for depression and other conditions.