Development and Learning
How would operant conditioning be best applied to increase a child's enjoyment of reading?
Gradually introducing rewarding activities related to reading and progressively reducing non-related activities.
Providing unrelated rewards, like candy, each time the child reads.
Punishing the child for not reading.
Ignoring whether or not the child chooses to read at all.
After receiving a ticket for speeding, Kristen stops speeding. The reason Kristen stops speeding is due to?
Spontaneous recovery
Negative punishment
Positive reinforcement
Positive punishment
What could be an unconventional perspective on Skinner's idea of shaping within operant conditioning?
Shaping always leads to quicker learning of complex behaviors.
Shaping doesn't have any practical applications outside laboratory settings.
Shaping, through successive approximations, might slow down the learning process instead of accelerating it.
Shaping is ineffective for teaching new behaviours.
How do Skinner's theories on behavior modification through reinforcement present potential ethical dilemmas?
They advocate for harmful punishment methods only.
Skinner's theories disregard psychological findings from other fields of study entirely.
They could be used to manipulate people’s behaviors without their knowledge or agreement.
Skinner's theories reject all established norms about human free will and autonomy unequivocally.
Which concept explains the phenomenon where a child stops throwing tantrums after being consistently ignored by its parents during such behavior?
Positive Punishment
Extinction in Operant Conditioning
Negative Reinforcement
Classical Conditioning
What kind of consequence strengthens a behavior by stopping or reducing negative stimuli?
Positive Reinforcement
Punishment
Extinction
Negative Reinforcement
Which form of learning involves associating one's own actions with consequences?
Classical conditioning
Observational learning
Operant conditioning
Insight learning

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In the context of operant conditioning, why might a person consistently choose healthier food options after repeatedly receiving compliments on their weight loss?
Self-Efficacy
Social Reinforcement
Observational Learning
Social Facilitation
How might a psychologist design a study to investigate the impact of variable-ratio schedules of reinforcement on high school students' homework completion rates compared to fixed-ratio schedules?
Observe natural variations in teachers' homework grading patterns and correlate them with the frequency of student submissions.
Provide continuous reinforcement for completing homework to all students, then withdraw reinforcement and measure the change in behavior.
Survey students about their preferences for types of reinforcement schedules without actually implementing any changes in their homework routine.
Implement two groups with one receiving unpredictable rewards after varying numbers of homework assignments, and the other receiving predictable rewards after a set number of assignments.
How would you interpret data from an experiment where after each instance of undesired behavior there was shown a decrease in future instances following introduction of an unpleasant stimulus?
Punishment through positive punishment since adding something undesirable reduced the occurrence
Positive reinforcement as giving something desirable encouraged desired behavior
Negative reinforcement as taking away something unpleasant encouraged desired behavior
Punishment through negative punishment since taking away something desirable reduced the occurrence