Development and Learning
After receiving a ticket for speeding, Kristen stops speeding. The reason Kristen stops speeding is due to?
Spontaneous recovery
Negative punishment
Positive reinforcement
Positive punishment
Cameron finds that every three weeks that she goes to the store on average, a special discount is offered on all items. The sale is offered on which of the following types of schedules?
Continuous
Fixed interval
Fixed ratio
Variable interval
Cleaning your house to get rid of dirty dishes, laundry, and cockroaches is engaging in...
negative reinforcement
extinction
punishment
positive reinforcement
When Thomas received several speeding tickets, he began driving slower to avoid future tickets. What concept from operant conditioning best explains Thomas's change in driving behavior?
Negative reinforcement
Discriminative stimulus
Negative punishment
Positive punishment
In an experiment where rats press a lever for food under different conditions, which schedule of reinforcement would likely create the highest resistance to extinction?
Variable interval schedule with unpredictable rewards following varying time intervals.
Variable ratio schedule with unpredictable rewards following a number of lever presses.
Fixed interval schedule with predictable rewards following set time intervals.
Fixed ratio schedule with predictable rewards after a specific number of lever presses.
When Kyle takes his car to the mechanic to get its oil changed, he knows that he has to wait exactly one hour each time before his car is finished. Which schedule reinforcement does this best represent?
Fixed interval
Variable ratio
Fixed ratio
Continuous
Alan knows that the chance of getting a severe injury in a car accident is significantly reduced when he wears his seat belt. As a result, he wears his seat belt more often. This best represents which of the following?
Modeling
Positive punishment
Negative reinforcement
Negative punishment

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Employees get a paycheck at the end of every week regardless of how hard they worked. Which schedule of reinforcement is this?
Fixed interval
Fixed ratio
Variable interval
Variable ratio
What criticism could be leveled against the exclusive use of punishment within a system of operant conditioning?
It neglects positive reinforcement which is equally important in modifying behavior.
It can lead to physical harm if used excessively or improperly.
It does not teach alternative, acceptable behaviors.
It reinforces negative behaviors rather than eliminating them.
Which of the following examples best illustrates negative reinforcement in operant conditioning?
An employee receives a bonus for achieving high sales figures.
A teacher gives stickers to students who complete their assignments on time.
A student is excused from doing homework if they read an extra book each month.
A parent takes away a child's toy after they refuse to clean their room.