Social Psychology and Personality
Which researcher's work on social judgment theory has significantly contributed to our understanding of attitude change?
Muzafer Sherif
Robert Zajonc
John Watson
Raymond Cattell
What is a limitation of the Self-Perception Theory in explaining attitude formation?
It does not focus on societal influence.
It ignores the role of cognition in attitude formation.
It lacks empirical evidence for its assumptions.
It fails to explain attitudes developed without prior behavior.
Which theory best explains why a vegan might find the smell of meat cooking to be repugnant?
Cognitive dissonance theory
Attribution theory
Social exchange theory
Elaboration likelihood model
In the context of cognitive dissonance theory, which scenario would most likely increase a person's discomfort after making a difficult decision?
Forgetting details about the alternatives considered before making the choice.
Confirming the positive aspects of the rejected alternative were insignificant.
Learning new information that contradicts the chosen alternative.
Receiving reassurance from peers that the decision was wise.
In terms of persuasion techniques, what leads someone to rethink deeply held convictions after listening to a well-reasoned argument by an expert in that field?
Central route persuasion involves logical arguments and high-thinking effort leading to durable attitude changes.
Subliminal persuasion manipulates thinking at an unconscious level influencing long-term attitudes unnoticed.
Peripheral route persuasion is based on superficial cues triggering quick but temporary attitude changes.
Operant conditioning molds new responses through rewards or punishments, shaping stable attitudes over time.
What is the primary reason why direct experience with an object or issue leads to stronger attitude formation?
Direct experiences enhance social approval of your attitudes.
Direct experiences increase our susceptibility to persuasion.
Direct experiences reduce cognitive dissonance between beliefs and actions.
Direct experiences provide more detailed information about the object or issue.
Which research practice could unintentionally lead to psychological harm when studying attitude change in high-risk populations?
Utilizing deception without proper debriefing sessions could leave lasting misconceptions or distress.
Ensuring confidentiality might prevent participants from experiencing stress about privacy breaches.
Obtaining informed consent assures participants are aware of their role and risks involved in research.
Offering compensation for participation might unduly influence individuals to join the study.

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What might be an unexpected result when applying Festinger's Social Comparison Theory in diverse workplaces aiming for positive attitude adjustment about inclusivity?
Employees could develop stronger exclusive cliques based on common backgrounds further segregating workplace relationships.
Diverse workers might feel heightened discrimination as majority group members solidify bonds through shared exclusive identities.
There may be no noticeable shift in employee attitudes since comparing oneself with others doesn't necessarily catalyze internal belief changes.
Workers may adjust negative attitudes about inclusivity upon discovering coworkers whom they respect hold positive views on diversity.
Which model suggests the level of audience involvement determines how persuasive messages will be processed?
Self-Perception Theory
Balance Theory
Elaboration Likelihood Model
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
What is the theory called that explains how conflicting beliefs lead to discomfort which then motivates people to alter their attitudes?
Festinger's Social Comparison Theory.
Bem's Exotic Becomes Erotic Theory.
Self-perception Theory.
Cognitive Dissonance Theory.