Social Psychology and Personality
Which of the following BEST describes emotions, according to the provided text?
Simple feelings that are the same as reasoning.
Complex psychological processes influenced by internal and external factors.
Solely internal experiences, unrelated to the environment.
Primarily cognitive processes with little to no feeling component.
Early theories of emotion primarily focused on:
The role of cultural display rules in emotional expression.
The relationship between physiological and cognitive experiences.
The impact of socioeconomic status on emotional regulation.
The influence of gender on emotional experiences.
A researcher is investigating the facial-feedback hypothesis. Participants are asked to hold a pen in their teeth, forcing them to smile, while watching a neutral video. Based on the facial-feedback hypothesis, what is the MOST likely outcome?
Participants will report feeling more negative emotions due to the artificial smile.
Participants will report no change in their emotional state.
Participants will report feeling happier, even if they didn't initially feel that way.
Participants will experience increased stress levels.
Which of the following is an example of a positive emotion?
Anger
Sadness
Joy
Fear
According to the text, what is an adaptive function of negative emotions?
To motivate us to approach new experiences.
To help us avoid potential dangers.
To strengthen social bonds.
To boost creativity.
Sarah is feeling overwhelmed with stress and anxiety due to an upcoming exam. According to the broaden-and-build theory, what is a likely consequence of her negative emotional state?
Increased creativity in finding study solutions.
A broadened perspective, allowing her to see multiple approaches to studying.
Narrowed focus, making it difficult to see alternative study methods.
Strengthened social bonds with her study group.
Which of the following is considered a potential universal emotion, as suggested by the text?
Shame
Guilt
Surprise
Pride

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What are 'display rules' in the context of emotions?
The universal emotions recognized across all cultures.
The physiological responses associated with specific emotions.
Cultural norms that dictate how emotions should be expressed.
Innate abilities to recognize emotions in others.
A young boy is attending a funeral with his family. Although he feels like running around and playing, he is told to be quiet and somber. How do culture, age, and gender influence emotional expression in a given situation?
The boy's age and his family's culture are influencing his emotional expression.
The boy's gender and his family's culture are influencing his emotional expression.
The boy's socioeconomic status and his family's culture are influencing his emotional expression.
The boy's age, gender, and socioeconomic status are influencing his emotional expression.