All Flashcards
How does informed consent apply in a study on test anxiety?
Participants must be told about the potential stress and anxiety they might experience during the study before they agree to participate.
How does debriefing apply in a study using deception?
After the study, participants are informed of the true purpose, any deception used, and given resources to address any potential distress.
How does protection from harm apply in a study on traumatic memories?
Researchers must take steps to minimize emotional distress and provide support to participants recalling traumatic events.
How do anonymity and confidentiality apply in a survey about sensitive topics?
Responses are collected without identifying information, and data is stored securely to prevent unauthorized access.
How does the principle of no coercion apply when recruiting college students for a study?
Participation must be voluntary, and students should not feel pressured by extra credit or other incentives.
How does the IRB ensure ethical research practices?
By reviewing research proposals, assessing potential risks and benefits, and requiring modifications to protect participants.
How does the IACUC ensure ethical treatment of animals in research?
By reviewing research protocols, monitoring animal care, and ensuring compliance with ethical guidelines.
How does the Milgram experiment highlight the importance of ethical guidelines?
It demonstrated the potential for psychological harm when participants are deceived and pressured to obey authority.
How does Harlow's monkey experiment highlight the importance of ethical guidelines?
It showed the potential for animal cruelty and long-term psychological harm when ethical considerations are not prioritized.
How can ethical guidelines be applied to online research?
Ensuring informed consent through clear online consent forms, protecting data privacy, and providing debriefing via online platforms.
Define Informed Consent.
Participants willingly agree to participate after being fully informed about the study's purpose, procedures, and potential risks.
What is Debriefing?
Revealing the true nature of a study and its purpose to participants as soon as possible after the experiment, especially if deception was used.
Define Anonymity in research.
Participants' data and identities are kept private; no one can link responses back to them.
What is Confidentiality in research?
Maintaining the privacy of participants' data and ensuring it is not disclosed without their permission.
Define Coercion in the context of research.
Pressuring or forcing participants to participate in a study; ethically unacceptable.
What is the role of the IRB?
The Institutional Review Board reviews research involving human participants to ensure it's ethical.
What is the role of the IACUC?
The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee reviews research involving animal subjects to ensure humane treatment and ethical practices.
Define Deception in psychological research.
Withholding information or misleading participants about the study to avoid bias, only allowed under specific conditions.
What does 'Protection from Harm' mean in research ethics?
Researchers must minimize any potential physical or psychological harm to participants.
Define Ethical Guidelines.
Principles set by organizations like the APA to ensure research is conducted responsibly and protects participants' well-being.
What is the core principle of Informed Consent?
Participants must willingly agree to participate after being fully informed about the study's purpose, procedures, and potential risks.
What are the conditions under which deception is allowed in research?
It's absolutely necessary for the study, doesn't cause significant harm, and participants are fully debriefed afterward.
What is the purpose of debriefing after an experiment?
To reveal the true nature of the study, clear up any misconceptions, and ensure participants understand what happened.
Why is protection from harm a crucial ethical consideration?
To minimize potential physical or psychological harm to participants, including emotional distress, embarrassment, or physical injury.
Why are anonymity and confidentiality important in research?
To protect participants' privacy and prevent their data from being linked back to them without their consent.
Why is coercion unethical in research?
Participants should feel free to withdraw at any time without penalty; pressuring them violates their autonomy.
What is the primary responsibility of the IRB?
To review research proposals involving human participants and ensure they adhere to ethical guidelines.
What is the main goal of the IACUC?
To ensure humane treatment and ethical practices in research involving animal subjects.
Why are ethical guidelines important in psychological research?
They protect the rights and well-being of human and animal participants, ensuring research is conducted responsibly.
What is the balance between potential benefits and potential harm in a study?
Researchers must weigh the potential benefits of a study against the potential risks to participants, ensuring benefits outweigh risks.