All Flashcards
Compare sensation and perception.
Sensation is raw data collection; perception is interpreting that data.
Compare bottom-up and top-down processing.
Bottom-up starts with sensory input; top-down uses prior knowledge.
Compare sensory adaptation and sensory habituation.
Adaptation is a physical process; habituation is a cognitive one.
Give an example of sensory adaptation.
Not feeling your socks after wearing them for a while.
Give an example of sensory habituation.
Not noticing the ticking of a clock until you pay attention to it.
How does top-down processing affect taste perception?
Expectations about food can influence how it tastes.
How is the Figure-Ground relationship used in art?
Artists use it to create depth and focus in their work.
How can sensory adaptation affect your experience in a new environment?
Initially strong smells or sounds become less noticeable over time.
How does Weber's Law apply to marketing?
Price increases need to be significant enough to be noticed by consumers.
How does sensory adaptation help us focus?
By filtering out constant, unchanging stimuli, we can focus on changes in our surroundings.
What is bottom-up processing?
Starts with sensory receptors and works up to the brain.
What is top-down processing?
Constructs perception from sensory input by drawing on experiences and expectations.
Explain the Gestalt principle.
We tend to organize sensations into a whole, seeing the big picture, not just individual pieces.
What is the Figure-Ground Relationship?
How we distinguish a subject (figure) from its background (ground).
Describe the Gestalt principle of proximity.
We group nearby objects together.
Describe the Gestalt principle of continuity.
We perceive continuous patterns rather than discontinuous ones.
Describe the Gestalt principle of closure.
We fill in gaps to form a whole object.
What is Signal Detection Theory?
Predicts when we detect a faint stimulus among background stimuli.
Explain the concept of energy senses.
Senses that respond to physical energy like light waves, sound waves, and pressure (vision, hearing, touch).
Explain the concept of chemical senses.
Senses that respond to chemical substances (taste and smell).