Sensation and Perception

Figure-ground relationship

Closure perception

Proximity grouping

Continuity detection

Subliminal perception

Sensory adaptation

Difference threshold

Absolute threshold

The argument relies solely on evidence from studies done in natural, not laboratory, settings.

The argument only applies to environmental psychology topics involving nature-human interaction studies.

The argument takes into account real-world applicability relating to generalization beyond experimental settings.

The argument is only valid within the specific ecological system where the study was conducted.

Inattentional blindness

Top-down processing interference

Weber's Law limitations

Visual cliff effect

Replication is unimportant; once a study finds a result, it is considered permanent fact regardless of future findings.

Replicability allows researchers to publish more papers on the same topic.

Results of non-replicable studies automatically disqualify them as valid evidence in psychological arguments.

Replicability ensures that results are reliable and not due to chance or specific circumstances of one study.

Pain relieving endorphins operate independently from gate control mechanism.

Small nerve fibers open gate and large ones close it in response to pain signals.

Pain signals aren't blocked but amplified by gates in spinal cord under certain conditions.

Cognitive factors have no influence over whether gate opens or closes for pain signals.

Light intensity has no considerable effect on people's alertness levels.

Dimmer lighting conditions are optimal for increasing alertness.

Changes in light intensity cause decreased variability in alertness reports.

Brighter light may contribute to higher levels of perceived alertness.

Sigmund Freud

Carl Jung

Ernst Weber

Jean Piaget

How we detect differences between similar stimuli

How we group different stimuli together

How we detect faint stimuli

How we distinguish a subject from its background

Prior exposure to certain visual environments like carpentered corners may make some cultures more prone to falling for geometric illusions than others who lack this exposure.

Optical illusion vulnerability strictly depends on cortical neuron arrangement which does not differ substantially between cultures.

Visual system structure being identical across humans ensures uniform susceptibility to optical illusions regardless of cultural background.

Genetic predisposition dictates the likelihood of experiencing optical illusions with no significant influence from environmental or cultural factors.