All Flashcards
What are the key processes in Observational Learning?
Attention, Retention, Reproduction, Motivation (ARRM).
What is Classical Conditioning?
Learning through association, where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a reflexive response.
What is Operant Conditioning?
Learning through consequences, where voluntary behaviors are affected by rewards and punishments.
What is Observational Learning?
Learning by watching others, also known as social learning or modeling.
What is the Law of Effect?
Behaviors with good outcomes are repeated; behaviors with bad outcomes stop.
What is Positive Reinforcement?
Adding something desirable to increase the likelihood of a behavior.
What is Negative Reinforcement?
Removing something undesirable to increase the likelihood of a behavior.
What is Positive Punishment?
Adding something undesirable to decrease the likelihood of a behavior.
What is Negative Punishment?
Removing something desirable to decrease the likelihood of a behavior.
What is the Contingency Model of Conditioning?
Conditioning depends on the cognitive interpretation of whether a stimulus-response pairing is logical and predictable.
What is the Garcia Effect?
Taste aversions are easily conditioned to internal stimuli (like nausea), while pain is easily conditioned to external stimuli.
What are Fixed Ratio Schedules?
Reinforcement after a set number of responses.
What are Variable Ratio Schedules?
Reinforcement after an unpredictable number of responses.
What are Fixed Interval Schedules?
Reinforcement after a set time period.
What are Variable Interval Schedules?
Reinforcement after an unpredictable time period.
What is the effect of unpredictable reinforcement schedules?
Behaviors are more resistant to extinction compared to fixed schedules.
What is the effect of observing aggressive behavior?
Children are more likely to imitate aggressive behavior (Bandura's Bobo doll experiment).