All Flashcards
How can the spacing effect be used to improve exam scores?
By spreading out study sessions over time rather than cramming.
How can the testing effect be used to improve exam scores?
By actively recalling information through flashcards and practice questions.
How can context-dependent memory be used to improve test performance?
Studying in an environment similar to the testing environment can improve recall.
How can mood-congruent memory affect your recollections?
If you're sad, you're more likely to recall sad memories.
Give an example of priming.
Hearing the word 'yellow' might make you think of a banana.
How can the method of loci be used to remember a speech?
Associate each point of the speech with a location in a familiar place.
What is recall?
Bringing stored information into conscious awareness.
What is recognition?
Identifying previously learned information from a list of options.
What is relearning?
Measuring how much faster you learn something you've previously forgotten.
What is the serial position effect?
The tendency to remember the first and last items in a list best.
Define mnemonic devices.
Tools that enhance memory and retention.
What is the method of loci?
Placing items to be remembered in different spatial locations.
What is priming?
When one stimulus activates the memory of another related stimulus.
What is context-dependent memory?
Remembering things better in the same environment where you learned them.
Define state-dependent memory.
Your internal state affects your ability to recall memories.
What is mood-congruent memory?
You're more likely to recall memories that match your current mood.
What is constructive memory?
Memories can be altered or completely fabricated.
What is the spacing effect?
Studying over time is more effective than cramming.
What is the testing effect?
Actively retrieving information enhances memory more than rereading it.
Explain the recency effect.
Remembering the last items on a list due to short-term memory.
Explain the primacy effect.
Remembering the first items on a list due to rehearsal and long-term storage.
What is the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?
When you can't quite recall information, even though you feel like you know it.
How does semantic network theory explain the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?
Memories are interconnected by meaning; activating related memories gets you closer to the target.
Describe the recovered memory phenomenon.
People suddenly remember repressed events, which can sometimes be false.