All Flashcards
What is recall?
Bringing stored information into conscious awareness.
What is recognition?
Identifying previously learned information from a list of options.
What is relearning?
Measuring how much faster you learn something you've previously forgotten.
What is the serial position effect?
The tendency to remember the first and last items in a list best.
Define mnemonic devices.
Tools that enhance memory and retention.
What is the method of loci?
Placing items to be remembered in different spatial locations.
What is priming?
When one stimulus activates the memory of another related stimulus.
What is context-dependent memory?
Remembering things better in the same environment where you learned them.
Define state-dependent memory.
Your internal state affects your ability to recall memories.
What is mood-congruent memory?
You're more likely to recall memories that match your current mood.
What is constructive memory?
Memories can be altered or completely fabricated.
What is the spacing effect?
Studying over time is more effective than cramming.
What is the testing effect?
Actively retrieving information enhances memory more than rereading it.
How does the environment affect memory recall?
Similar environments during encoding and retrieval enhance recall (context-dependent memory).
How does internal state affect memory recall?
Your internal state (e.g., being drunk or sober) can affect your ability to recall memories (state-dependent memory).
How does mood affect memory recall?
Current mood can act as a retrieval cue, making you more likely to recall memories that match your mood (mood-congruent memory).
What is the effect of suggestion on memory?
Suggestion can alter or create false memories (constructive memory).
What is the effect of spacing out study sessions?
Improved long-term retention compared to cramming (spacing effect).
What is the effect of actively testing yourself on learned material?
Enhanced memory and retention compared to passively rereading notes (testing effect).
Explain the recency effect.
Remembering the last items on a list due to short-term memory.
Explain the primacy effect.
Remembering the first items on a list due to rehearsal and long-term storage.
What is the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?
When you can't quite recall information, even though you feel like you know it.
How does semantic network theory explain the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?
Memories are interconnected by meaning; activating related memories gets you closer to the target.
Describe the recovered memory phenomenon.
People suddenly remember repressed events, which can sometimes be false.