All Flashcards
Explain the recency effect.
Remembering the last items on a list due to short-term memory.
Explain the primacy effect.
Remembering the first items on a list due to rehearsal and long-term storage.
What is the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?
When you can't quite recall information, even though you feel like you know it.
How does semantic network theory explain the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?
Memories are interconnected by meaning; activating related memories gets you closer to the target.
Describe the recovered memory phenomenon.
People suddenly remember repressed events, which can sometimes be false.
Compare recall and recognition.
Recall involves generating an answer; recognition involves identifying the correct answer from a list.
How do context-dependent and state-dependent memory differ?
Context-dependent memory relates to the external environment, while state-dependent memory relates to internal states.
How does the environment affect memory recall?
Similar environments during encoding and retrieval enhance recall (context-dependent memory).
How does internal state affect memory recall?
Your internal state (e.g., being drunk or sober) can affect your ability to recall memories (state-dependent memory).
How does mood affect memory recall?
Current mood can act as a retrieval cue, making you more likely to recall memories that match your mood (mood-congruent memory).
What is the effect of suggestion on memory?
Suggestion can alter or create false memories (constructive memory).
What is the effect of spacing out study sessions?
Improved long-term retention compared to cramming (spacing effect).
What is the effect of actively testing yourself on learned material?
Enhanced memory and retention compared to passively rereading notes (testing effect).