All Flashcards
Compare recall and recognition.
Recall involves generating an answer; recognition involves identifying the correct answer from a list.
How do context-dependent and state-dependent memory differ?
Context-dependent memory relates to the external environment, while state-dependent memory relates to internal states.
What is recall?
Bringing stored information into conscious awareness.
What is recognition?
Identifying previously learned information from a list of options.
What is relearning?
Measuring how much faster you learn something you've previously forgotten.
What is the serial position effect?
The tendency to remember the first and last items in a list best.
Define mnemonic devices.
Tools that enhance memory and retention.
What is the method of loci?
Placing items to be remembered in different spatial locations.
What is priming?
When one stimulus activates the memory of another related stimulus.
What is context-dependent memory?
Remembering things better in the same environment where you learned them.
Define state-dependent memory.
Your internal state affects your ability to recall memories.
What is mood-congruent memory?
You're more likely to recall memories that match your current mood.
What is constructive memory?
Memories can be altered or completely fabricated.
What is the spacing effect?
Studying over time is more effective than cramming.
What is the testing effect?
Actively retrieving information enhances memory more than rereading it.
How does the environment affect memory recall?
Similar environments during encoding and retrieval enhance recall (context-dependent memory).
How does internal state affect memory recall?
Your internal state (e.g., being drunk or sober) can affect your ability to recall memories (state-dependent memory).
How does mood affect memory recall?
Current mood can act as a retrieval cue, making you more likely to recall memories that match your mood (mood-congruent memory).
What is the effect of suggestion on memory?
Suggestion can alter or create false memories (constructive memory).
What is the effect of spacing out study sessions?
Improved long-term retention compared to cramming (spacing effect).
What is the effect of actively testing yourself on learned material?
Enhanced memory and retention compared to passively rereading notes (testing effect).