Cognitive Psychology
Which type of retrieval involves recalling the last items in a list?
Free recall
Recency retrieval
Primacy retrieval
Recognition
What term describes forgetting due to the interference from new learning overwriting previous information?
Retroactive Interference
Proactive Interference
Misinformation Effect
Repression
What concept explains how easily one can remember vivid scenes from a favorite movie yet struggle with recalling mundane details like where keys were placed?
Encoding specificity principle
Implicit memory reliability
Misinformation effect susceptibility
Proactive interference
In which scenario is retrograde amnesia most clearly demonstrated?
A person forgets where they parked their car after shopping all day.
A student cannot remember the answer during a test but recalls it afterward.
Someone has difficulty learning new information post-surgery.
An individual cannot recall events that occurred just before a head injury.
Which type of retrieval involves the ability to recall information with few external cues?
Recognition
Cued recall
Free recall
Relearning
Which method improves retrieval by creating a mental picture of what needs to be remembered?
Chunking
Elaboration
Rehearsal
Visualization
Which experiment would precisely evaluate the influence of mood on memory retrieval?
Determine stress levels when shown disturbing images
Observe changes in facial expression while watching comedy shows
Measure accuracy in recalling past events when induced with happy, sad or neutral moods
Record heart rates during an exhilarating roller coaster ride

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Which theory emphasizes the role of culture in shaping cognitive development?
Bandura's Social Learning Theory
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Skinner's Operant Conditioning
Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory
Why should students avoid "cramming" for an exam at the last minute?
Because cramming induces retrograde amnesia.
Because cramming triggers proactive interference.
Because information is better remembered over time due to the spacing effect.
Because misleading post-event information may interfere with memory retrieval.
How might cultural variations influence the efficacy of mnemonic devices, such as the method of loci, in enhancing memory retrieval?
The efficacy can vary due to differences in spatial navigation skills that are emphasized differently across cultures.
Cultural variations have no impact on mnemonic efficacy as all humans share a universal memory retrieval system.
The efficacy is uniform across cultures because mnemonic strategies are biologically based and not culturally influenced.
The method of loci becomes less effective universally as technology reduces the need for such memory strategies.