All Flashcards
What is the Nature vs. Nurture debate?
The debate about whether we are shaped by our genes (nature) or our experiences (nurture).
What is the Continuity vs. Stages debate?
The debate about whether development is a smooth, continuous process, or if it happens in distinct stages.
What is Imprinting?
A form of early attachment, like ducklings following their mother.
What is Secure Attachment?
Attachment style where the child is comfortable with closeness, distressed when separated but easily comforted upon return.
What is Insecure Attachment?
Avoidant, ambivalent, or disorganized attachment patterns.
What is Authoritarian Parenting?
Strict, demanding, and controlling parenting style.
What is Authoritative Parenting?
Firm but fair parenting style, with open communication.
What is Permissive Parenting?
Lenient parenting style, with few rules or expectations.
What is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?
The range of tasks a child can do with help.
What is a More Knowledgeable Other (MKO)?
Someone who provides guidance and support in learning.
What is Scaffolding?
Providing temporary support to help a child learn.
What is the Social Clock?
The culturally preferred timing of social events (like marriage and retirement).
Compare Authoritative and Authoritarian parenting styles.
Authoritative: Warm, responsive, clear expectations. Authoritarian: Strict rules, high expectations, little warmth.
Compare Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional studies.
Longitudinal: Follows same people over time. Cross-Sectional: Compares different age groups at one time.
Compare Assimilation and Accommodation in Piaget's theory.
Assimilation: Fitting new info into existing schemas. Accommodation: Changing schemas to fit new info.
What are the causes and effects of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)?
Cause: Prenatal alcohol exposure. Effects: Physical and cognitive issues.
What are the causes and effects of Authoritarian parenting?
Cause: Strict, demanding parenting style. Effects: Lower self-esteem and academic achievement in adolescents.
What are the causes and effects of Secure attachment?
Cause: Consistent and responsive caregiving. Effects: Higher self-esteem, better social skills, and healthier relationships.