All Flashcards
How can the facial feedback effect be used to improve mood?
Smiling, even when not genuinely happy, can trigger feelings of happiness.
How can the Schachter-Singer theory explain panic attacks?
Unexplained physiological arousal is labeled as fear, intensifying the panic.
How does the amygdala's role explain phobias?
The amygdala triggers fear responses to specific stimuli, even without conscious awareness.
How can understanding cultural differences in emotional expression improve communication?
Being aware of cultural norms helps avoid misinterpreting emotional cues.
How might Lazarus theory explain different reactions to the same event?
Different cognitive appraisals of the event lead to varying emotional and physiological responses.
How can the Zajonc-LeDoux theory explain immediate fear reactions?
The fast pathway allows for quick responses to potential threats before conscious evaluation.
How is the Cannon-Bard theory demonstrated in spinal cord injuries?
Individuals with spinal cord injuries can still experience emotions even with limited physiological feedback.
How can the James-Lange theory be applied to understanding stage fright?
Physical symptoms like trembling are interpreted as fear, intensifying the anxiety.
How can understanding theories of emotion help in therapy?
Therapists can use different theories to address emotional disorders by targeting physiological responses, cognitive appraisals, or both.
How can the recognition of universal facial expressions aid in cross-cultural interactions?
By identifying basic emotions through facial cues, individuals can better understand and respond to others, regardless of cultural background.
What is the core idea of the James-Lange theory?
Physiological response precedes and causes the emotional experience.
What is the central claim of the Cannon-Bard theory?
Physiological response and emotional experience occur simultaneously and independently.
What is the key component of the Schachter-Singer theory?
Emotion results from physiological arousal followed by cognitive appraisal of the situation.
What is the 'two-factor' aspect of Schachter-Singer theory?
Emotion depends on both physiological arousal and cognitive labeling.
What is the main idea behind the Zajonc-LeDoux theory?
Some emotional reactions occur instantly, bypassing cognitive processing.
Explain the 'fast pathway' in Zajonc-LeDoux theory.
Immediate emotional responses (e.g., fear) bypass the cortex, going directly to the amygdala.
Explain the 'slow pathway' in Zajonc-LeDoux theory.
Emotional responses that involve cognitive processing and conscious thought.
What is the main idea behind the Lazarus theory?
Cognitive appraisal precedes both physiological arousal and emotional experience.
What does Paul Ekman's research suggest about facial expressions?
Facial expressions of basic emotions are universal across cultures.
How do individualistic cultures differ from collectivist cultures in expressing emotions?
Individualistic cultures tend to show more emotion, while collectivist cultures tend to hide emotions.
Define 'emotion'.
A complex state involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience.
What is 'physiological arousal' in the context of emotion?
The body's physical response to a stimulus, such as heart racing or sweating.
Define 'expressive behaviors' in the context of emotion.
Observable actions and expressions that communicate emotions, like facial expressions or body language.
What is 'conscious experience' in relation to emotion?
The subjective feeling or awareness of an emotion.
Define 'cognitive appraisal'.
The mental process of evaluating a situation and its potential impact on one's well-being.
What is the 'facial feedback effect'?
The phenomenon where facial muscle states can influence emotional feelings.
Define 'amygdala's role in emotion.
Brain structure involved in processing emotions, especially fear.
What is the role of the 'prefrontal cortex' in emotion?
Brain region associated with emotional regulation and processing positive/negative emotions.
Define 'universal emotions'.
Emotions recognized across cultures, often expressed through similar facial expressions.
What are 'primary emotions'?
Basic emotions like fear, anger, and happiness, considered fundamental and adaptive.