All Flashcards
Compare the id and the superego.
Id is impulsive and seeks immediate gratification, while the superego is moral and strives for perfection.
Compare repression and denial.
Repression blocks thoughts from awareness, while denial refuses to accept reality.
Compare displacement and projection.
Displacement redirects impulses, while projection attributes one's own feelings to others.
Compare Freud's and Jung's views on the unconscious.
Freud focused on the personal unconscious, while Jung added the concept of the collective unconscious.
Compare Adler's inferiority complex and superiority complex.
Inferiority complex is a feeling of inadequacy, while superiority complex is masking those feelings by acting superior.
Compare the oral and anal stages.
Oral stage focuses on mouth-related pleasures, while anal stage focuses on bowel and bladder control.
Compare the ego and the reality principle.
The ego operates on the reality principle, mediating between the id and the external world.
Compare rationalization and intellectualization.
Rationalization creates self-justifying explanations, while intellectualization focuses on the intellectual aspects of a situation.
Compare Freud's psychosexual stages and Erikson's psychosocial stages.
Freud focused on sexual drives, while Erikson emphasized social interactions and development throughout life.
Compare Freud's views on women with those of Karen Horney.
Freud's views were considered chauvinistic, while Horney criticized his theories for being biased against women.
What are the psychosexual stages of development?
Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital.
Briefly describe the Oral Stage.
Pleasure centers on the mouth (sucking, biting, chewing) from 0-18 months.
Briefly describe the Anal Stage.
Pleasure centers on bowel and bladder elimination (potty training) from 18-36 months.
Briefly describe the Phallic Stage.
Pleasure centers on the genitals from 3-6 years.
Briefly describe the Latency Stage.
Sexual feelings are dormant from 6 years to puberty.
Briefly describe the Genital Stage.
Mature sexual interests develop from puberty on.
What is the pleasure principle?
The id's drive to seek immediate gratification of desires.
What is the reality principle?
The ego's attempt to satisfy the id's desires in realistic ways.
What is the significance of psychosexual stages?
Personality develops through a series of stages, each focused on a different erogenous zone; fixation can lead to specific traits.
Explain the concept of fixation in Freud's theory.
Becoming stuck in a psychosexual stage due to unresolved conflict, leading to specific personality traits.
What is the collective unconscious?
Inherited universal concepts shared by all humans, according to Carl Jung.
What is the personal unconscious?
Contains repressed memories and thoughts, according to Carl Jung.
What is the focus of Neo-Freudian theories?
Expanded on Freud's ideas, emphasizing social interactions more than sexual drives.
What is the main idea behind psychodynamic theories?
Emphasize the influence of the unconscious and early experiences on personality development.
Explain the importance of dream analysis in psychoanalytic theory.
Freud believed dreams are a pathway to the unconscious, revealing hidden desires and conflicts.
What is the main focus of Alfred Adler's theory?
Emphasized the conscious role of the ego and the importance of individual motivation.
What is the role of early childhood experiences in psychoanalytic theory?
Early experiences shape personality and can lead to unconscious conflicts that influence behavior.