Scientific Foundations of Psychology
Which of the following best describes psychology as defined in the provided text?
The study of the physical structure of the brain.
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
The philosophical exploration of consciousness.
The artistic interpretation of human emotions.
Wilhelm Wundt is credited with:
Developing the theory of psychoanalysis.
Establishing the first psychology laboratory.
Formulating the principles of behaviorism.
Advocating for the humane treatment of the mentally ill.
The shift from philosophical questions about the mind to a scientific approach in psychology was marked by:
The publication of Sigmund Freud's theories.
The establishment of the first psychology lab by Wilhelm Wundt.
The rise of humanistic psychology.
The development of cognitive psychology.
Which of the following statements best describes monism?
The mind and body are separate entities.
Knowledge is innate and present from birth.
The mind and body are one, with knowledge derived from experience.
Thoughts and actions are transmitted through hollow nerves.
Which of the following pairs of thinkers are most closely associated with the concept of dualism?
Aristotle and Locke
Bacon and Descartes
Plato and Descartes
Locke and Bacon
According to the concept of 'tabula rasa,' how is knowledge acquired?
Through innate ideas present at birth.
Through observation and experimentation.
Through the influence of unconscious desires.
Through the process of self-actualization.
Which of the following psychologists is known for advocating for the mentally ill and creating mental hospitals?
Mary Whiton Calkins
Dorothea Dix
Margaret Floy Washburn
G. Stanley Hall

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Ivan Pavlov's work with dogs is most closely associated with which school of thought?
Functionalism
Psychoanalysis
Classical conditioning
Humanism
Using the mnemonic provided, which psychologist is associated with educational and child psychology?
John B. Watson
G. Stanley Hall
William James
Carl Rogers
Which of the following schools of thought emphasizes the analysis of the mind through its basic elements?
Functionalism
Behaviorism
Structuralism
Gestalt psychology