Scientific Foundations of Psychology
Which experimental design would effectively illustrate if there's a relationship between sleep deprivation and academic performance?
Running a controlled experiment where students' sleep hours are systematically varied before academic tests, followed by comparing test scores.
Finding correlation between self-reported hours of sleep and GPA among students.
Observing behavior of students who appear to be sleepy in classroom settings.
Interviewing students about their perceived effects of lack of sleep on their academic achievements.
Which research design would best investigate if there is an association between physical activity levels and mental health?
Experimental Design
Naturalistic Observation
Case Study
Correlational Study
Which research approach would a psychologist use to investigate the impact of socioeconomic status on stress and coping mechanisms?
A single-blind experimental study
Case-study analysis
A double-blind placebo-controlled trial
A cross-cultural study
A test that measures or predicts what it is supposed to is said to have a high degree of ____________.
standardization
validity
normalcy
reliability
In determining whether cultural differences impact response rates to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which method would best allow for exploration of complex interactions between culture-specific variables and therapeutic outcomes?
Meta-analysis of existing studies on CBT across different cultures.
Single-blind experiment with random assignment to CBT or no treatment.
Double-blind placebo-controlled experiment within a homogenous population.
Multi-site longitudinal study comparing diverse populations receiving CBT.
How might one effectively test if practicing gratitude can reduce symptoms of depression?
Asking subjects who practice gratitude if they feel less depressed.
Correlating number of times individuals express gratitude with incidence rate of depressive symptoms.
Implementing a long-term study where half the subjects maintain daily gratitude journals while others record neutral daily events, then assessing changes in depressive symptoms over time.
Observing mood changes in subjects immediately after expressing gratitude once.
Which of the following is most essential in forming a well-reasoned argument based on psychological evidence?
Relying solely on personal beliefs for interpretation
Ignoring contradictory pieces of evidence
Critical evaluation and interpretation of research findings
Concentrating only on statistical data without considering qualitative factors

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What method would allow a psychologist to study behavior without participants knowing they are being watched?
Case Study
Experiment
Naturalistic Observation
Survey
What are the weaknesses of the correlational research method?
Works with large groups of data
Alway require large sample populations
Cannot specify cause and effect
Unethical sometimes
A group of researchers conducted a longitudinal study on the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance; what key aspect does this type of study allow them to investigate?
Immediate effects of sleep deprivation on different types of cognitive tasks across various groups
The average cognitive performance affected by sleep deprivation compared to well-rested individuals at one point in time
Changes in cognitive performance over time within the same subjects
Correlation between individual preferences for certain cognitive tasks and their sleep patterns