Biological Basis of Behavior

Administer substances that promote or inhibit neurogenesis in lab animals then test their memory recall using mazes or puzzles.

Observing how many new words a person can remember after a month.

Comparing two groups of people with their sleep duration and memory retention.

Checking how quickly individuals can solve puzzles without any intervention.

Developmental stages shifting priorities from visual inputs to other senses over time.

Positive reinforcement increasing reliance on non-visual sensory cues for information.

Selective attention focusing more on auditory and tactile information input.

Sensory compensation due to neural reorganization following sensory loss.

Frequent engagement in intellectually stimulating activities throughout life.

Avoiding the use of modern technology to keep traditional cognitive skills sharp.

Maintaining an antioxidant-rich and low-saturated fat diet during old age.

Living to an old age without serious chronic illnesses affecting the brain.

Broca's area

Phrenology

Wernicke's area

Neuroplasticity

Acetylcholine

Serotonin

GABA

Dopamine

Visual processing

Motor control

Auditory processing

Language comprehension

It regulates emotional responses.

It processes visual spatial information.

It coordinates voluntary movement.

It controls involuntary actions such as heartbeat and digestion.

Gradually introducing various unrelated stimuli until spontaneous remission fear reaction occurs person's phobia.

Engaging counterconditioning techniques where fearful stimulus paired overpoweringly pleasant one instantaneously replacing old association new positive connection between them.

Repeatedly presenting the feared stimulus without any negative consequences leads gradually decreases amygdala activity related fear response.

Offering excessive positive reinforcement upon encountering feared object resulting immediate cessation anxiety symptoms associated with phobia.

Studies show irreversible declines in language capabilities outside critical periods negating theories on experience-based neural adaptations.

Studies indicating genetic predispositions fully dictate language acquisition timelines void any significance attributed experience-driven changes.

Research proving identical twins develop language skills synchronously regardless experiences discredits theories involving experience-dependent adaptations.

Experience-dependent plasticity demonstrates ongoing potential for changes in neural circuitry based on learning, suggesting flexibility beyond early critical periods.

Synaptic pruning

Neurogenesis

Neuroplasticity

Long-term potentiation