Biological Basis of Behavior

Acetylcholine

Serotonin

GABA

Dopamine

Administer substances that promote or inhibit neurogenesis in lab animals then test their memory recall using mazes or puzzles.

Observing how many new words a person can remember after a month.

Comparing two groups of people with their sleep duration and memory retention.

Checking how quickly individuals can solve puzzles without any intervention.

Developmental stages shifting priorities from visual inputs to other senses over time.

Positive reinforcement increasing reliance on non-visual sensory cues for information.

Selective attention focusing more on auditory and tactile information input.

Sensory compensation due to neural reorganization following sensory loss.

Frequent engagement in intellectually stimulating activities throughout life.

Avoiding the use of modern technology to keep traditional cognitive skills sharp.

Maintaining an antioxidant-rich and low-saturated fat diet during old age.

Living to an old age without serious chronic illnesses affecting the brain.

Visual processing

Motor control

Auditory processing

Language comprehension

Broca's area

Phrenology

Wernicke's area

Neuroplasticity

It regulates emotional responses.

It processes visual spatial information.

It coordinates voluntary movement.

It controls involuntary actions such as heartbeat and digestion.

Psychoanalysis aiming uncover unconscious fears unrelated to spiders.

Pharmaceutical drugs without accompanying cognitive behavioral techniques.

Flooding technique which forces immediate exposure to spiders without prior preparation.

Systematic desensitization gradually introduces and acclimates them to spiders

Gradually introducing various unrelated stimuli until spontaneous remission fear reaction occurs person's phobia.

Engaging counterconditioning techniques where fearful stimulus paired overpoweringly pleasant one instantaneously replacing old association new positive connection between them.

Repeatedly presenting the feared stimulus without any negative consequences leads gradually decreases amygdala activity related fear response.

Offering excessive positive reinforcement upon encountering feared object resulting immediate cessation anxiety symptoms associated with phobia.

Research shows no significant difference between individualism or collectivism concerning self-perception across different cultures globally.

Such research indicates people from individualistic societies tend toward viewing themselves as independent agents whereas those from collectivistic cultures often see themselves interdependently with others.

Studies find individualistic cultures emphasize group harmony less, thus leading members not perceiving any personal identity outside their collective roles within society.

It reveals individuals’ perceptions about themselves are usually consistent worldwide irrespective societal type whether it’s individualist or collective based community structure.