Learning
How can Albert Bandura's Bobo doll experiment be best categorized in terms of types of learning?
Observational (social) learning
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Insight learning
Which therapeutic approach might be most effective in dealing with a client exhibiting obsessive-compulsive disorder?
Aversion Therapy
Psychoanalysis
Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP)
Humanistic Therapy
What assumption does the classical conditioning approach make about human behavior?
Human behavior is primarily influenced by cognition and thought processes.
All human behavior is inherited genetically from our ancestors.
Human behavior can be conditioned through association.
Human personality development stops after childhood.
When researchers focus on how mental processes like memory, thinking, problem-solving, and language affect learning from experience, they are operating from which psychological approach?
Psychodynamic Perspective
Evolutionary Perspective
Cognitive Perspective
Behaviorist Perspective
What mathematical concept does reinforcement schedule in operant conditioning resemble?
Absolute value
Pythagorean theorem
Linear equation
Probability distribution
How has the understanding of classical conditioning evolved from Pavlov's initial experiments to modern day applications?
It no longer considers environmental factors in the learning process.
It has expanded beyond simple stimulus-response relationships to include cognitive processes.
It has been entirely replaced by operant conditioning theories.
It completely disregards Pavlov's initial findings and theories.
How does the ethical principle of debriefing apply in operant conditioning experiments?
Participants should be given a full explanation of the experiment after it concludes.
Debriefing is only necessary if physical harm occurred during the experiment.
Participants must always be told they are in an experiment so their behavior remains natural.
Experiments involving animals do not require debriefing.

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In the context of classical conditioning, which scenario would most likely result in a culturally specific conditioned response?
A Japanese individual feeling anxious when hearing the sound used in their town to signal an earthquake drill.
An American student salivating at the ring of a bell associated with lunchtime in schools across the U.S.
An individual experiencing fear when seeing a photo of a snake due to its universal threat perception.
A baby from any culture crying after hearing a loud noise, following the principles of unconditioned stimuli and responses.
Who developed the theory of operant conditioning?
Pavlov
B.F.Skinner
John Watson
Albert Bandura
Which scenario best demonstrates the biological predispositions that influence operant conditioning?
An infant develops a fear of loud noises after experiencing fireworks for the first time during a celebration event.
A parrot learns phrases spoken by its owner but does not mimic sounds from non-social sources like alarms or telephones ringing frequently around it.
A dog quickly learns tricks for treats but fails to learn behaviors that go against its instincts, like ignoring scents.
A student memorizes vocabulary words after repeatedly reading them aloud every day for a week straight.