Learning
From a biological standpoint, what is considered a key factor in distinguishing between normal and abnormal behavior?
Neurochemical imbalances in the brain that impact mood and behavior.
The presence of learned responses from environmental stimuli without reinforcement.
Deviations from social norms and cultural expectations for conduct.
Persistent patterns of dysfunction in interpersonal relationships and work settings.
In terms of operant conditioning, how might students be encouraged to study more?
Through process of elimination, students will naturally gravitate towards studying more.
By pairing a neutral stimulus with studying until the neutral stimulus alone elicits studying.
By using positive reinforcement, such as praise or rewards for studying.
Fear conditioning has been found effective in promoting study habits among students.
The name of John Watson's social-learning experiment is:
Little Albert
The Bobo Doll
Cat Puzzle Box
Skinner operant chamber
When an animal navigates a maze without any apparent reward and then demonstrates knowledge of that maze once a reward is present, Edward Tolman would argue that this behavior exemplifies which concept?
Learned helplessness
Vicarious reinforcement
Insight learning
Latent learning
How can Albert Bandura's Bobo doll experiment be best categorized in terms of types of learning?
Observational (social) learning
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Insight learning
How does latent learning challenge traditional operant conditioning principles?
Cognitive maps suggest all learning requires visible behaviors as evidence.
It demonstrates learning can occur without immediate reinforcement or behavior manifestation.
Negative reinforcement postulates that any form of reward strengthens behavior acquisition.
Imitation implies learning cannot take place without direct observation of another's actions.
In terms of observational learning, what does modeling refer to?
Learning new responses by watching events unfold rather than directly participating.
Responding similarly to similar stimuli without prior training.
Imitating behavior seen in others.
Repeating actions that have been previously rewarded or punished.

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Which therapeutic approach might be most effective in dealing with a client exhibiting obsessive-compulsive disorder?
Aversion Therapy
Psychoanalysis
Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP)
Humanistic Therapy
What assumption does the classical conditioning approach make about human behavior?
Human behavior is primarily influenced by cognition and thought processes.
All human behavior is inherited genetically from our ancestors.
Human behavior can be conditioned through association.
Human personality development stops after childhood.
What is the term for learning that involves associating two stimuli, and eventually using the response from one to predict another?
Social Learning Theory
Operant Conditioning
Cognitive Learning Theory
Classical Conditioning