Cognitive Psychology

Perception

Sensation

Learning

Cognition

Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

Universal Grammar Structure (UGS)

Cognitive Language Framework (CLF)

Innate Linguistic Program (ILP)

Undergeneralization

Overgeneralization

Rule Induction

Syntactic Error

The LAD emphasizes innate abilities, while behaviorism focuses on learning through reinforcement and imitation.

The LAD focuses on environmental influences, while behaviorism emphasizes genetic predispositions.

Both the LAD and behaviorism highlight the role of cognitive schemas in language development.

Both the LAD and behaviorism agree that language is solely learned through explicit instruction.

Classical conditioning

Operant conditioning

The forgetting curve

Dream analysis

Information is best retained when studied in a single, long session.

Regular review and spaced repetition can significantly improve memory retention.

Forgetting occurs at a constant rate, regardless of study habits.

Visual aids have no impact on memory retention as demonstrated by Ebbinghaus.

His use of complex, meaningful stimuli made it difficult to isolate the effects of memory.

His experiments were conducted with diverse groups of participants, leading to inconsistent results.

His reliance on self-observation introduced subjective bias into the data.

His use of nonsense syllables lacked ecological validity, limiting generalizability to real-world memory.

Classical conditioning

Operant conditioning

Insight learning

Observational learning

Insight learning involves gradual improvement over time, while trial-and-error is immediate.

Insight learning involves a sudden understanding, while trial-and-error involves repeated attempts.

Insight learning is more effective for simple tasks, while trial-and-error is better for complex problems.

Insight learning relies on external rewards, while trial-and-error relies on internal motivation.

Operant conditioning

Attachment theory

The misinformation effect

Cognitive dissonance