Clinical Psychology

An interaction between severe trauma during childhood, personality factors, and social support systems.

Solely genetic predispositions toward mental health conditions regardless of environmental influences or experiences.

The presence of high levels of stress hormones like cortisol without considering psychological or social factors.

The individual's socioeconomic status independently determining their likelihood of developing dissociative disorders.

Conversion Disorder

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Since there is definitive evidence implicating specific neurotransmitter imbalances as causal factors warranting drug-based remedies.

Due only neuroanatomical abnormalities discovered via advanced imaging technologies necessitating surgical procedures rather than behavioral therapies.

Because conversion disorders involve interactions between psychological distress manifesting as physical symptoms hence requiring multifaceted treatment strategies.

Given lifestyle choices directly influence neuropathological changes thereby suggesting dietary adjustments over pharmaceuticals.

This model disregards the patient's perception of their own condition.

The biomedical model inaccurately attributes all symptoms to mental illness instead of physical causes.

The biomedical model overlooks psychosocial factors contributing to physical symptoms.

The model fails to consider past traumatic experiences as potential causes for current symptoms.

There is no significant change in the number of identities between those receiving long-term or short-term interventions.

Both interventions lead to complete integration within a similar time frame, making them equally effective.

Short-term crisis intervention results in quicker integration of identities than long-term psychotherapy does.

Long-term psychotherapy leads to greater integration and fewer distinct identities over time compared to short-term crisis intervention.

Bio psychosocial model

Humanistic perspective

Psychodynamic theory

Behavioral activation system

PTSD is a result of an absence of learned helplessness.

Patients with PTSD may develop a sense of learned helplessness due to repeated exposure to traumatic events.

Learned helplessness is a precursor for developing PTSD.

Learned helplessness and PTSD are mutually exclusive psychological phenomena.

Psychodynamic psychotherapy

Aversion therapy

Flooding

Systematic desensitization

ASD can develop into PTSD if left untreated, but PTSD cannot transition into ASD.

ASD is treated with medication only, while PTSD requires both medication and psychotherapy.

PTSD is diagnosed after symptoms persist for more than one month, whereas ASD is characterized by similar symptoms that occur immediately but last no longer than one month.

PTSD involves re-experiencing the traumatic event through flashbacks only, while ASD includes nightmares as well.

Anthropologists' study of different cultures will highlight varying understandings and presentations of dissociative identity disorder across societies.

Anthropologists mainly focus on ancient societies so their contributions would be outdated or irrelevant.

An anthropological perspective would argue for a universal presentation of dissociative identity disorder across cultures.

Anthropology focuses on physical evolution and therefore doesn't offer insights into psychological disorders.