Introduction to Thinking and Problem Solving

Ella Gray
9 min read
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Study Guide Overview
This AP Psychology study guide covers problem-solving strategies (algorithms, heuristics, trial and error), thinking concepts (mental sets, fixation, intuition, insight, inductive/deductive reasoning), and creativity (components of creativity, convergent/divergent thinking). It includes practice questions and exam tips focusing on applying these concepts.
#Thinking and Problem Solving: Your AP Psych Toolkit 🧠
Hey there, future AP Psych master! Let's dive into the fascinating world of how we think and solve problems. This guide is designed to be your go-to resource, especially when you're in the final stretch before the exam. Let's make sure you're feeling confident and ready to ace it!
#Problem Solving Strategies
#Algorithms: The Step-by-Step Approach 🚶
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An algorithm is a methodical, step-by-step procedure that guarantees a solution to a particular problem. Think of it like following a recipe—if you follow each step correctly, you'll get the desired result.
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Example: If you've lost your phone 📱, an algorithm might be:
- Remember where you last had it.
- Retrace your steps.
- Call your phone.
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Algorithms are process-oriented, focusing on the method rather than the speed.
#Heuristics: The Speedy Shortcuts 💨
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A heuristic is a mental shortcut or “rule of thumb” that allows for quick problem-solving. It's faster than an algorithm but can be prone to errors. Think of it as a shortcut that might not always get you to the right place.
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Example: Trying different values for 'x' to solve 3x + 6 = 24 is a heuristic approach.
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Heuristics are result-oriented, focusing on finding a solution quickly, even if it's not perfect.
#Algorithm vs. Heuristic: Which to Use When?
- Algorithm: Use when accuracy is crucial and you have time to follow all steps. Think of it as the long, but reliable way.
- Heuristic: Use when you need a quick solution and don't have time for a detailed approach. It's the shortcut, but it might not always work.
Exam Tip: Remember, algorithms are like following a recipe, while heuristics are like using a shortcut. Knowing when to use each can save you time on the exam.
#Trial and Error: The Persistent Approach 🔄
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Trial and error involves trying different methods to solve a problem until a solution is found. It's like experimenting until something works.
Trial and error is a common method, but it's not always the most efficient.
Memory Aid: Think of trial and error like Bart Simpson trying different pranks until one works.
#How We Think: Key Concepts
#Mental Set and Fixation: Getting Stuc...

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