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Introduction to Thinking and Problem Solving

Ella Gray

Ella Gray

9 min read

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Study Guide Overview

This AP Psychology study guide covers problem-solving strategies (algorithms, heuristics, trial and error), thinking concepts (mental sets, fixation, intuition, insight, inductive/deductive reasoning), and creativity (components of creativity, convergent/divergent thinking). It includes practice questions and exam tips focusing on applying these concepts.

Thinking and Problem Solving: Your AP Psych Toolkit 🧠

Hey there, future AP Psych master! Let's dive into the fascinating world of how we think and solve problems. This guide is designed to be your go-to resource, especially when you're in the final stretch before the exam. Let's make sure you're feeling confident and ready to ace it!

Problem Solving Strategies

Algorithms: The Step-by-Step Approach 🚶

  • An algorithm is a methodical, step-by-step procedure that guarantees a solution to a particular problem. Think of it like following a recipe—if you follow each step correctly, you'll get the desired result.

    • Example: If you've lost your phone 📱, an algorithm might be:

      1. Remember where you last had it.
      2. Retrace your steps.
      3. Call your phone.
Key Concept

Algorithms are process-oriented, focusing on the method rather than the speed.

Heuristics: The Speedy Shortcuts 💨

  • A heuristic is a mental shortcut or “rule of thumb” that allows for quick problem-solving. It's faster than an algorithm but can be prone to errors. Think of it as a shortcut that might not always get you to the right place.

    • Example: Trying different values for 'x' to solve 3x + 6 = 24 is a heuristic approach.

Key Concept

Heuristics are result-oriented, focusing on finding a solution quickly, even if it's not perfect.

Algorithm vs. Heuristic: Which to Use When?

  • Algorithm: Use when accuracy is crucial and you have time to follow all steps. Think of it as the long, but reliable way.
  • Heuristic: Use when you need a quick solution and don't have time for a detailed approach. It's the shortcut, but it might not always work.
Exam Tip

Exam Tip: Remember, algorithms are like following a recipe, while heuristics are like using a shortcut. Knowing when to use each can save you time on the exam.

Trial and Error: The Persistent Approach 🔄

  • Trial and error involves trying different methods to solve a problem until a solution is found. It's like experimenting until something works.

Quick Fact

Trial and error is a common method, but it's not always the most efficient.

Memory Aid

Memory Aid: Think of trial and error like Bart Simpson trying different pranks until one works.
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How We Think: Key Concepts

Mental Set and Fixation: Getting Stuc...

Question 1 of 13

Which of the following describes a step-by-step procedure that guarantees a solution? 🤔

Heuristic

Algorithm

Trial and error

Intuition