All Flashcards
Define 'validity' in argumentation.
Logical alignment between reasoning and conclusion.
What is an 'appeal' in an argument?
A persuasive strategy targeting values, emotions, biases, or logic.
Define 'objection' in research.
A point of disagreement or challenge to an argument.
What is a research 'implication'?
A potential consequence or effect stemming from the research conclusion.
Define 'limitation' in research.
A weakness or constraint in the research design or execution.
What is 'logical flow' in an argument?
The clear and coherent connection between evidence and conclusion.
Define 'appeal to emotion'.
Persuading by evoking feelings, rather than using facts or logic.
What is an 'assumption' in argumentation?
An unstated belief or preconception that underlies an argument.
What does it mean for an argument to 'overreach'?
To make an implication or claim that is too broad or unsupported by the evidence.
What is meant by 'reasonableness' in evaluating arguments?
Assessing whether the claims, limitations, and implications are sensible and well-supported.
What is the key to evaluating objections?
Consider the source and potential hidden motives.
What should you consider when evaluating implications?
Whether the implication logically follows and isn't far-fetched.
What is the 'reasonableness' check?
Assessing if the argument is nuanced rather than extreme.
What does it mean if a study has no limitations?
Be suspicious; all studies have limitations.
What question should you ask regarding the usefulness of an argument?
Where does this argument fit in my research?
What should you consider when evaluating limitations?
Whether the limitation makes sense given the research method and resources.
What is the danger of 'appeals' in arguments?
They can make it harder to evaluate the actual claims, evidence, and reasoning.
What does it mean to 'play devil's advocate'?
Try to see the argument from an opposing viewpoint.
Why is it important to identify appeals in an argument?
To be aware of how these appeals might be influencing you.
What are the key questions to ask when evaluating an argument?
Is the argument valid? Is the argument useful?
Define 'validity' in research.
Logical alignment between reasoning and conclusion.
What is an 'appeal to emotion'?
Argument that sways feelings instead of using facts.
Define 'appeal to logic'.
Argument claiming to be the only rational choice.
What is an 'objection' in argumentation?
A reason or argument presented in opposition.
What is an 'implication' in research?
A conclusion that can be drawn from something, though not explicitly stated.
Define 'limitation' in research.
A factor that restricts the scope of the study or affects its validity.
What is meant by 'logical flow' in an argument?
Whether the evidence supports the conclusion.
What is 'field support' in evaluating arguments?
Whether the field generally leans towards one perspective.
Define 'appeal to core values'.
An argument that appeals to things like freedom, democracy, justice, and morality.
What is an 'appeal to personal biases'?
An argument that plays on your existing beliefs and preferences.