Question and Explore

Including vulnerable populations only if they re essential to answering the research question

Applying special safeguards such as having a guardian present during participation if necessary

Instructing participants from vulnerable groups about complex aspects of the study through technical language

Prioritizing quantitative methods over qualitative ones for more detached observation

Determinism

Empiricism

Constructivism

Pragmatism

Begin with mapping food desert locations using GIS software (quantitative), then conduct interviews with affected residents (qualitative).

Simultaneously distribute surveys about access to fresh food (quantitative) while conducting focus groups discussing community nutrition (qualitative).

First complete ethnographic fieldwork observing communities (qualitative), followed by analyzing nutritional health outcomes statistically (quantitative).

Conduct case studies on individual urban neighborhoods' access to food (qualitative) while surveying citywide eating habits (quantitative).

Examining the legal rights accorded to family members regardless of culture.

Comparing the age at which individuals typically marry in different societies.

By recognizing variations in familial structures and societal expectations about gender roles.

Focusing solely on nuclear families as a universal standard for comparison.

Ensuring data are anonymized before analysis occurs.

Gathering secondary data without obtaining additional consent from participants.

Analyzing data exclusively from open-access sources.

Using only data collected by other researchers within the same field.

Evaluating the likelihood of resulting high grades

Assessing educational value in relation to course objectives

Basing the decision on popularity opinions among the student body

Considering the ease with which resources are available

Biases indicate that no further analysis is needed because they summarize key points quickly.

To understand how bias might affect the interpretation and integration of research findings.

Recognizing biases helps determine which color scheme is used for data visualization charts within articles reviewed for your paper.

To find out which political party the author supports most often.

Functional framework

Critical theory framework

Rational actor framework

Explanatory framework

Ignoring articles with low citation counts regardless of content relevance.

Only looking at research done within a single geographic region without comparison.

Analyzing chronological changes in topics covered by recent publications in the field.

Limiting their review to seminal works published more than ten years ago.

What percentage of teenagers use social media to consume news?

Which social media platform is most popular for news consumption among teenagers?

How do changes in social media algorithms correlate with the political polarization of news consumption among teenagers?

How much time do teenagers spend consuming news on social media platforms?