#AP Spanish Language: Unit 2 - Identity: Your Ultimate Review Guide

Hey! Let's get you prepped and confident for the AP Spanish Language exam. This guide is designed to be your go-to resource, especially the night before the test. We'll break down the key concepts, make connections, and get you feeling ready to ace it! Let's dive in!

#🚀 Unit 2: Personal and Public Identities

This unit explores how language and culture shape who we are, both individually and as a community. We'll be looking at:

• How our identities change over time.
• The role of language in shaping culture.
• The impact of technology on identity.
• How art reflects public identity.

#2.1 Personal Identity

"The journey of self-discovery is a lifelong adventure!" Each person's identity is dynamic, evolving as we grow and experience life.

Image from el autoestima en los adolecentes.

#Self-Esteem

Self-esteem is how we perceive ourselves – our thoughts, feelings, and judgments. It's not fixed; it changes over time. 💡

Image from ABC

#Causes of Low Self-Esteem

#Recognizing Low Self-Esteem

Repetitive negative self-talk is a major sign. If you see someone struggling, offer encouragement and focus on their strengths. Positive relationships make a big difference!

#Beliefs

Catholicism: The dominant religion in Latin America and Spain. Its history is deeply intertwined with the region's culture and identity.

Image from Twitter.

#Historical Context

• Catholic Monarchs: Fernando II and Isabel I united Spain and enforced Catholicism. 🤴👸
• Conquistadores: Spread Catholicism to the Americas, often suppressing indigenous beliefs.

#Current Trends

• Latin America: A decreasing number of Catholics due to equality movements and a rejection of oppression.

Image from Pew Research Center.

• Spain: Many still identify as Catholic but don't actively practice. Catholicism remains influential in national institutions.

Image from eldiario.es.

#Folk Religions

• La Santa Muerte: 👼💀
  • Roots in indigenous communities since the 18th century.
  • Over 10 million believers today.
  • Seen as an angel, with offerings made for help.
  • Popular among drug cartels in Mexico for protection.
  • Has connections to Catholicism but is more accepting of diverse lifestyles.

Image from Mitú.

• Santería:
  • Afro-Caribbean roots, a mix of Yoruba traditions and Catholicism.
  • Brought to Cuba from Africa during the slave trade. ⛓️
  • Polytheistic, focusing on rituals and practices like animal sacrifices.
  • Includes initiation ceremonies, spirit possessions, and herbal healing.

Image from Mitú.

#🗣️ Let's Practice!

Here's a practice task to help you apply what we've covered. Remember, practice makes perfect!

#Task Model

First, look at this infographic about language diversity in Mexico:

Now, answer the following questions:

• What problem does this infographic highlight? / ¿Cuál es el problema que señala este gráfico?

  Possible answer: This infographic shows that many indigenous languages in Mexico are in danger of extinction. Social factors discriminate against certain languages, leading to their disappearance.

• What is the purpose of this infographic? / ¿Cuál es el propósito de este gráfico?

  Possible answer: The purpose of the infographic is to raise awareness about language discrimination in Mexico. It also emphasizes the country's rich and diverse culture maintained through language.

• What are the most important pieces of information in this infographic? / ¿Cuáles son las informaciones más importantes de este gráfico?

  Possible answer: The design highlights key information, such as the existence of over 6,000 different languages worldwide, with 50% at risk of extinction. Another important point is that 68 indigenous languages are spoken in Mexico, showcasing the country's linguistic diversity.

Next, read this article: Tania Meza Escorza, "Día de la Lengua materna: La riqueza del plurilinguismo."

As you read, focus on summarizing the key points and making connections to the main themes of this unit.

Example Summary:

In this article by Tania Meza Escorza, the author emphasizes the importance of linguistic pluralism. She begins by referencing the International Mother Language Day. February 21st was established by UNESCO to maintain linguistic diversity and protect those who speak non-dominant languages in their countries. This day reminds us that our mother tongue is directly connected to our sense of identity. The author reinforces that this is especially important for minorities, such as women, indigenous peoples, and rural populations. According to Tania, language helps them have a voice in society.

Practice Question

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. According to the text, what is a primary factor that influences the development of self-esteem? a) The amount of money one possesses. b) The opinions of influential people in one's life. c) The number of social media followers. d) The type of car one drives.

2. Which of the following best describes the historical role of the Catholic Monarchs in Spain? a) They promoted religious tolerance. b) They united Spain and enforced Catholicism. c) They encouraged folk religions. d) They decreased the influence of the Catholic Church.

Free Response Question:

Based on the provided materials and your own understanding, discuss how historical and cultural factors have influenced the religious landscape of Latin America and Spain. In your response, consider the role of Catholicism and the emergence of folk religions. Provide specific examples to support your points.

Scoring Breakdown:

• Thesis (1 point): A clear statement that addresses the prompt.
  • Example: "Historical and cultural factors have significantly shaped the religious landscape of Latin America and Spain, with Catholicism's historical dominance giving way to more diverse religious expressions."
• Historical Context (2 points): Discussion of the historical role of Catholicism.
  • Example: "The Catholic Monarchs enforced Catholicism in Spain, which was then spread to the Americas by the conquistadores. This led to the suppression of indigenous beliefs."
• Religious Diversity (2 points): Explanation of the emergence of folk religions.
  • Example: "Despite Catholicism's historical dominance, folk religions like La Santa Muerte and Santería have emerged, reflecting a blend of indigenous and African traditions. These religions offer alternative spiritual paths and are gaining popularity."
• Specific Examples (2 points): Providing specific examples to support your points.
  • Example: "The decrease in active Catholic practice in Spain and the rise of La Santa Muerte in Mexico are examples of shifts in religious identity. Santería's roots in Afro-Caribbean traditions also illustrate the diverse religious landscape."
• Synthesis (1 point): Connecting historical and cultural factors to current religious practices.
  • Example: "The religious landscape of Latin America and Spain is a result of historical impositions and cultural adaptations, leading to a complex mix of traditional and modern expressions of faith."

#🎯 Final Exam Focus

Okay, time for the final stretch! Here's what to focus on for the exam:

• High-Value Topics:

  • Self-esteem and its components.
  • The historical influence of Catholicism and its current state.
  • Emerging folk religions and their significance.
  • The role of language in cultural identity.

• Common Question Types:

  • Multiple-choice questions testing your understanding of key concepts.
  • Free-response questions requiring you to synthesize information and provide examples.
  • Short answer questions that ask you to analyze a given text or image.

Remember, you've got this! Stay calm, trust your preparation, and go show that exam what you're made of! 💪