The preterite tense is used to describe completed actions in the past, providing a clear timeline of events during the conquest. Example: 'Llegué a la ciudad' (I arrived at the city).

The imperfect tense is used to describe ongoing actions, habitual actions, or descriptions in the past, setting the scene and providing context. Example: 'La ciudad era grande' (The city was big).

Direct object pronouns (me, te, lo, la, nos, os, los, las) are used to replace direct object nouns, making the writing more concise. Example: 'Moctezuma me recibió' (Moctezuma received me).

Reflexive verbs indicate that the subject performs the action on themselves, often used to describe daily routines or personal actions. Example: 'Yo me preparé' (I prepared myself).

'Ser' is used to describe permanent characteristics or identities, while 'estar' is used for temporary states or locations. Example: 'La ciudad es grande' (The city is big - permanent) vs. 'Yo estoy aquí' (I am here - temporary).

The subjunctive mood is used to express doubt, uncertainty, wishes, or emotions. Example: 'Dudo que sea un dios' (I doubt that he is a god).

The impersonal 'se' is used to describe actions where the subject is not specified or is irrelevant. Example: 'Se dice que...'(It is said that...).

Comparative adjectives (más...que, menos...que) are used to compare two things, while superlative adjectives (el/la más...) are used to describe the highest degree. Example: 'La ciudad es más grande que...' (The city is bigger than...) or 'Es la ciudad más grande' (It is the biggest city).

Possessive adjectives (mi, tu, su, nuestro/a, vuestro/a, su) are used to show possession or relationships. Example: 'Mi carta' (My letter).

The conditional tense is used to express what would happen under certain conditions or to make polite requests. Example: 'Yo diría...' (I would say...).

A Spanish conqueror, especially of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.

A literary device involving a detailed list of things or events.

The repetition of conjunctions (like 'y') in close succession.

The omission of conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses.

A witness narrator who narrates from their own experience as a participant.

A text that combines a letter format with a historical account.

A person or state in a subordinate position to another.

The capital city of the Aztec empire, located on an island in Lake Texcoco.

Commoners in the Aztec society.

The Aztec ruler or king.

A Spanish conqueror, especially of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.

A literary device involving a detailed list of things.

The repetition of conjunctions (like 'y') in close succession.

The omission of conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses.

A witness narrator; a narrator who is a participant in the events they describe.

A text that combines a letter format with a historical account.

The capital city of the Aztec Empire, now Mexico City.

People under the protection of a feudal lord to whom they have vowed homage and fealty.

Also known as Montezuma II, he was the Aztec emperor at the time of the Spanish conquest.

The process of race mixing between Spaniards and Indigenous peoples.