What is the grammatical function of the subjunctive mood in Spanish?
It expresses doubt, uncertainty, wishes, or emotions.
Explain the use of 'por' vs. 'para'.
'Por' is used for cause, reason, or duration; 'para' is used for purpose, destination, or deadline.
How are reflexive verbs used in Spanish?
Reflexive verbs indicate that the subject is performing the action on themselves (e.g., 'lavarse' - to wash oneself).
What is the correct word order for placing object pronouns?
Object pronouns typically precede the conjugated verb (e.g., 'Lo veo' - I see it).
Explain the difference between 'ser' and 'estar'.
'Ser' is used for permanent characteristics, origin, and identity; 'estar' is used for temporary states, location, and conditions.
How do you form the present perfect tense in Spanish?
Use the auxiliary verb 'haber' in the present tense + the past participle (e.g., 'He comido' - I have eaten).
Explain the use of the personal 'a' in Spanish.
The personal 'a' is used before a direct object that is a specific person or pet.
What are the rules for using definite articles (el, la, los, las)?
Definite articles are used to refer to specific nouns or nouns that have already been mentioned.
How do you form comparisons of inequality in Spanish?
Use 'más/menos + adjective/adverb + que' (e.g., 'más alto que' - taller than).
Explain the formation and use of the conditional tense.
The conditional tense is formed by adding conditional endings to the infinitive and is used to express hypothetical situations or polite requests.
What are the main uses of the imperfect subjunctive?
It is used in 'si' clauses to express hypothetical situations in the past and after certain expressions of emotion or doubt.
What is the meaning of 'necios'?
Foolish, silly, or ignorant.
What is the meaning of 'acusáis'?
You accuse.
What is the meaning of 'retruécano'?
A literary device involving the reversal or alteration of word order for emphasis and paradox.
What is the meaning of 'paradoja'?
A statement that appears self-contradictory but contains a deeper truth.
What is the meaning of 'antÃtesis'?
The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, often in parallel structure.
What is the meaning of 'machismo'?
A cultural concept emphasizing male dominance and superiority.
What is the meaning of 'patriarcal'?
Relating to a system of society or government controlled by men.
What is the meaning of 'tono'?
The attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience.
What is the meaning of 'octosÃlabo'?
A verse of eight syllables.
What is the meaning of 'cuarteto'?
A stanza of four lines.
What is the meaning of 'aliteración'?
The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words.
What was Sor Juana's main challenge in 17th-century Mexico?
Challenging social norms and gender roles in a society that suppressed women's voices and intellectual pursuits.
What does the historical context of the poem highlight?
The Spanish colonial era in Mexico, a time when women's voices were suppressed and intellectual pursuits discouraged.
Explain the societal expectations of women during Sor Juana's time.
Women were expected to adhere to traditional gender roles and were often belittled by men, limiting their agency and ambitions.
What is the significance of Sor Juana choosing convent life?
It allowed her to pursue education and intellectual freedom, which was not typically available to women outside the convent.
How did the colonial setting influence power dynamics?
It reinforced the hierarchy of Spanish colonial culture, with men in positions of authority and women expected to be submissive.
What double standard did women face?
Men both adored and despised women, creating conflicting expectations and limiting their agency.
What does the poem reveal about education in that era?
It highlights the lack of educational opportunities for women, which Sor Juana critiques as a form of inequality.
What is 'La construcción del género'?
The rigid and restrictive roles imposed on women, which Sor Juana criticizes.
What is the significance of 'El sistema patriarcal' in the poem?
It addresses the system that grants power and control to men, highlighting the contradiction of demanding submission while denying women their rights.
What was the political context during Sor Juana's time?
The poem was written under the rule of Spain's King Charles II and the colonial government of New Spain, highlighting male authority.
