Sampling Distributions
A statistician claims a significant increase in the number of left-handed people over the past decade. Which type of error could occur if this claim is incorrect but they still reject the null hypothesis?
Sampling bias due to a non-random sample selection
Type I error (reject a null hypothesis that is true)
Type II error (fail to reject a false null hypothesis)
Non-sampling error caused by faulty data collection methods
The mean age of people in the United States is 38.1 years. Is this value a parameter or a statistic?
Statistic
Neither, it is a distribution
Neither, it is a sample
Parameter
Which of these choices is an example of qualitative data?
Number of pets owned by students
Heights of basketball players
Colors of cars in a parking lot
Temperatures on different days
If the standard deviations of two different distributions are both increased by a factor of 2, which statistical measure for the combined distribution would be most impacted?
Variance
Median
Mean
Range
What is the first step in the process of a statistical investigation?
Draw a scatterplot.
Identify a question or problem.
Calculate the mean and median.
Perform a hypothesis test.
What is the effect on the width of a confidence interval if the sample size is increased while keeping the level of confidence and population standard deviation constant?
The width of the confidence interval remains unchanged.
The width of the confidence interval decreases.
The width of the confidence interval increases.
The width cannot be determined without knowing the actual values in the sample.
If a survey's sample size increases while maintaining the same sampling methods, what is the most likely effect on the margin of error?
The sample size has no relation to the margin of error.
The margin of error will stay the same.
The margin of error will increase.
The margin of error will decrease.

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When comparing the annual rainfall in two different cities over 10 years, what measure would best describe the variability in each city's yearly rainfall?
Standard deviation
Median
Mean
Mode
What does a p-value represent when conducting a statistical test for a research study?
The probability that the null hypothesis is true given the observed data
The probability of observing data as extreme as those observed assuming that the null hypothesis is true
A direct measure of how significant your research findings are compared to other studies
The likelihood that random chance alone produced your observed results without any real effect
Which term best describes the consistency if a scale gives nearly the same weight when measuring the same object repeatedly over short periods?
Reliability
Bias
Validity
Variability