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Define bicameral legislature.
A legislature composed of two chambers or houses.
What is gerrymandering?
Drawing district lines to favor one political party over another.
Define enumerated powers.
Powers specifically listed in the Constitution for Congress.
What is the Necessary and Proper Clause?
Clause allowing Congress to make laws 'necessary and proper' to carry out its enumerated powers.
What is a safe seat?
A congressional seat that is reliably held by one party.
What was the impact of OBRA 1985?
Reduced spending on social programs and changed tax laws to address the federal budget deficit.
Cause/Effect: Census every 10 years.
Cause: Population changes. Effect: Reapportionment of House seats.
Cause/Effect: Gerrymandering.
Cause: Partisan control of state legislatures. Effect: Less competitive elections, incumbency advantage.
Cause/Effect: Longer Senate terms.
Cause: Desire for stability and deliberation. Effect: Senators may be less responsive to short-term public opinion.