Foundations of American Democracy

Roe v. Wade

National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius

Miranda v. Arizona

Brown v. Board of Education

Civil rights focus on equal protection, while civil liberties focus on freedom and personal rights.

Civil rights protect against government actions, while civil liberties limit government power.

Civil liberties are only for citizens, whereas civil rights extend to all residents.

There is no distinction; the terms are interchangeable.

It abolished segregation in public schools.

It allowed for police to search without a warrant.

It led to the principle of "one person, one vote."

It limited free speech protections.

Both included a Bill of Rights.

Both granted voting rights to all adults regardless of sex or race.

Both provided more power to individual states than to the central government.

Both were created during war times.

Gitlow v New York which incorporated freedom of speech through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Plessy v Ferguson discussing the Separate but Equal doctrine, later overturned by Brown v Board of Education

Mapp v Ohio's exclusionary rule pertaining to evidence obtained in violation of Fourth Amendment rights

Incorporation Doctrine defined in Maryland v McCulloh, establishing federal law's supremacy over state law

Racial discrimination in public education might have persisted longer.

All White or all Black Schools would never allow student from opposite race.

There wouldn't have been any civil rights movement following it.

Every state may opt out of federal funding for schools instead allowing segregation.

United States v. Nixon (1974)

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Factionalism

Bipartisanship

Political socialization

Partisan polarization

Allowing unrestricted open carry nationwide, superseding state and local laws

Expanding background checks to include all gun sales, including private transfers

Instituting a ban on all firearms classified as assault weapons, regardless of ownership history

Providing financial incentives for states adopting stand your ground laws, undermining uniformity

Plessy v. Ferguson

Miranda v. Arizona

Marbury v. Madison

Roe v. Wade