All Flashcards
Who was Christopher Columbus?
An Italian explorer sailing for Spain who 'discovered' the New World.
Who were Francisco Pizarro and Hernán Cortés?
Spanish conquistadors who conquered the Aztec and Inca empires.
Who was Bartolomé de las Casas?
A Spanish missionary who opposed the enslavement of Native Americans.
Who was Juan de Sepúlveda?
A Spanish priest who supported the Encomienda System.
Who was Bartolome de las Casas?
Spanish missionary against Native enslavement.
Who was Juan de Sepulveda?
Spanish priest supporting the Encomienda System.
What was the role of Hernan Cortes?
Spanish conquistador who played a key role in the conquest of the Aztec Empire.
What was the role of Francisco Pizarro?
Spanish conquistador who conquered the Inca Empire.
What was the role of the Aztecs, Mayas, and Incas?
Indigenous tribes conquered by the Spanish.
What was the role of Christopher Columbus?
Italian explorer sailing for Spain, 'discovered' the New World.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
The exchange of plants, animals, ideas, and diseases between the Old World (Europe, Africa, Asia) and the New World (Americas).
What is the Encomienda System?
A Spanish labor system that forced Native Americans into labor for mining and farming.
What are joint-stock companies?
Companies formed by England and the Dutch to fund colonies and find riches.
What is the Black Legend?
Term describing harsh Spanish practices on Natives.
What is Maize?
Corn.
What is meant by 'conquistadors'?
Spanish conquerors, such as Pizarro and Cortés, who sought gold and silver in the Americas.
Define 'Treaty of Tordesillas'.
An agreement between Spain and Portugal to divide newly discovered lands outside of Europe.
What is chattel slavery?
Ownership of individuals as property, primarily Africans.
What is the significance of the 'three Gs'?
God, Gold, and Glory - the primary motivations for European exploration.
What is a caravel?
A small, fast Spanish or Portuguese sailing ship of the 15th-17th centuries.
What was the significance of Columbus's voyage in 1492?
It led to European awareness of the 'New World' and initiated a wave of exploration.
What was the impact of the conquest of the Aztec and Inca Empires?
It brought massive wealth to Spain but also resulted in horrific loss of life for Native populations.
What happened at Roanoke?
The first English colony mysteriously disappeared.
What was the significance of the founding of Jamestown in 1607?
It became England's first permanent colony in North America, focused on tobacco production.
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)?
Divided newly discovered lands outside Europe between Spain and Portugal.
What was the significance of founding St. Augustine in 1565?
It was the first permanent European settlement in what is now the United States.
What was the role of disease in the early contact period?
European diseases like smallpox decimated Native populations, who had no immunity.
What was the primary focus of Jamestown?
Tobacco Production.
What was the impact of the potato on Europe?
The introduction of the potato led to a population boom.
What was the main goal of Spanish conquistadors?
To acquire gold and silver.