What was the significance of Columbus's voyage in 1492?
It led to European awareness of the 'New World' and initiated a wave of exploration.
What was the impact of the conquest of the Aztec and Inca Empires?
It brought massive wealth to Spain but also resulted in horrific loss of life for Native populations.
What happened at Roanoke?
The first English colony mysteriously disappeared.
What was the significance of the founding of Jamestown in 1607?
It became England's first permanent colony in North America, focused on tobacco production.
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)?
Divided newly discovered lands outside Europe between Spain and Portugal.
What was the significance of founding St. Augustine in 1565?
It was the first permanent European settlement in what is now the United States.
What was the role of disease in the early contact period?
European diseases like smallpox decimated Native populations, who had no immunity.
What was the primary focus of Jamestown?
Tobacco Production.
What was the impact of the potato on Europe?
The introduction of the potato led to a population boom.
What was the main goal of Spanish conquistadors?
To acquire gold and silver.
What were the causes and effects of the Columbian Exchange?
Causes: European desire for new trade routes, resources, and expansion. Effects: Exchange of plants, animals, diseases; population changes; economic transformation; globalization.
What were the causes and effects of the Encomienda System?
Causes: Spanish need for labor in the colonies. Effects: Exploitation and abuse of Native Americans; decline in Native populations; shift to African slavery.
What were the causes of European exploration?
The '3 Gs': God, Gold, and Glory, plus curiosity and competition between European powers.
What were the effects of European diseases on Native populations?
Decimation of Native populations due to lack of immunity, leading to social and economic disruption.
What were the effects of the introduction of horses to the Americas?
Transformed the environment and economies of the Americas.
What were the causes of the shift to African Slavery?
The failure and inhumane nature of the Encomienda system and the high demand for labor.
What were the effects of the shift to African Slavery?
Social systems based on lineage and ethnicity created rigid hierarchies.
What were the causes of the founding of Jamestown?
Funded by the Virginia Company, it became England's first permanent colony, focused on tobacco production.
What were the causes of the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Columbus's voyage and the resulting competition between Spain and Portugal for newly discovered lands.
What were the effects of the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Division of the world between Spain and Portugal, influencing colonization patterns.
Who was Christopher Columbus?
An Italian explorer sailing for Spain who 'discovered' the New World.
Who were Francisco Pizarro and Hernán Cortés?
Spanish conquistadors who conquered the Aztec and Inca empires.
Who was Bartolomé de las Casas?
A Spanish missionary who opposed the enslavement of Native Americans.
Who was Juan de Sepúlveda?
A Spanish priest who supported the Encomienda System.
Who was Bartolome de las Casas?
Spanish missionary against Native enslavement.
Who was Juan de Sepulveda?
Spanish priest supporting the Encomienda System.
What was the role of Hernan Cortes?
Spanish conquistador who played a key role in the conquest of the Aztec Empire.
What was the role of Francisco Pizarro?
Spanish conquistador who conquered the Inca Empire.
What was the role of the Aztecs, Mayas, and Incas?
Indigenous tribes conquered by the Spanish.
What was the role of Christopher Columbus?
Italian explorer sailing for Spain, 'discovered' the New World.
