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What was the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?
A nationwide strike in response to wage cuts, resulting in federal intervention.
What was the Haymarket Riot (1886)?
A labor protest in Chicago that turned violent when a bomb was thrown, leading to public backlash against unions.
What was the Homestead Strike of 1892?
A strike at Carnegie's steel mill in Homestead, PA, involving Pinkerton guards and state militia, due to wage cuts.
What was the Pullman Strike of 1894?
A strike against the Pullman Palace Car Company due to wage cuts and poor conditions, resulting in federal intervention.
What was the Ludlow Massacre (1914)?
An attack by the National Guard on striking coal miners and their families in Ludlow, Colorado.
When was the National Labor Union founded?
1866
When was the Knights of Labor founded?
1869
When was the American Federation of Labor (AFL) founded?
1886
What was the Panic of 1873?
A financial crisis that led to an economic depression in the United States and Europe.
What was the 1901 Coal Strike?
A strike by coal miners that was suppressed by the state militia.
Who was Samuel Gompers?
The leader of the American Federation of Labor (AFL).
Who was Henry Clay Frick?
The manager of Carnegie's Homestead Steel Mill during the Homestead Strike.
Who was Eugene V. Debs?
A labor leader and socialist who played a role in the Pullman Strike.
Who were the Pinkerton guards?
A private security force used by companies to suppress strikes, notably in the Homestead Strike.
Who was Terence V. Powderly?
Leader of the Knights of Labor.
Who was Andrew Carnegie?
A leading industrialist in the steel industry.
Who was George Pullman?
Owner of the Pullman Palace Car Company.
Who was John Rockefeller?
A leading industrialist in the oil industry.
Who was J.P. Morgan?
A powerful banker and financier during the Gilded Age.
Who was Cornelius Vanderbilt?
A leading industrialist in the railroad industry.
What were the causes and effects of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?
Cause: Wage cuts. Effect: Federal intervention and widespread disruption.
What were the causes and effects of the Haymarket Riot?
Cause: Labor protest for an 8-hour workday. Effect: Public backlash against unions and weakened Knights of Labor.
What were the causes and effects of the Homestead Strike?
Cause: Wage cuts at Carnegie's steel mill. Effect: Violence, state militia intervention, and weakening of the steelworkers' union.
What were the causes and effects of the Pullman Strike?
Cause: Wage cuts and poor conditions at Pullman Palace Car Company. Effect: Federal intervention, court injunctions, and suppression of the strike.
What were the causes and effects of rapid industrialization?
Cause: Technological advancements and investment. Effect: Economic growth, wealth concentration, and harsh working conditions.
What were the causes and effects of anti-union tactics?
Cause: Management's desire to maintain control and profits. Effect: Weakened labor unions and suppressed worker rights.
What were the causes and effects of the Panic of 1873?
Cause: Over-speculation and financial instability. Effect: Economic depression, decreased union membership, and dissolution of the NLU.
What were the causes and effects of child labor?
Cause: Poverty and demand for cheap labor. Effect: Exploitation of children, lack of education, and long-term health problems.
What were the causes and effects of immigration during the Gilded Age?
Cause: Economic opportunities and political/religious persecution. Effect: Increased labor supply, nativism, and cultural diversity.
What were the causes and effects of government intervention in strikes?
Cause: Pressure from business owners and concerns about public order. Effect: Suppression of strikes and weakening of labor unions.