All Flashcards
What is a 'strikebreaker' or 'scab'?
A non-union worker hired to replace striking employees.
What is a 'lockout'?
The closing of a factory or business by the employer to prevent workers from working, often during a labor dispute.
What is a 'blacklist'?
A list of individuals or organizations that are to be avoided or distrusted, often used by employers to prevent pro-union workers from getting jobs.
What is a 'yellow-dog contract'?
An agreement between an employer and an employee in which the employee agrees not to be a member of a labor union.
Define 'court injunction' in labor disputes.
A court order requiring a person or group to stop a specified action, often used to halt strikes.
What was the 'Gilded Age'?
A period of rapid economic growth and industrialization in the late 19th century, marked by vast wealth inequality and social problems.
What is a labor union?
An organized association of workers, often in a trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests.
Define 'collective bargaining'.
Negotiation between an employer and a labor union on wages, hours, and working conditions.
What is a 'monopolistic trust'?
A large business entity that controls a significant portion of an industry, often seen as suppressing competition.
What is 'nativism'?
The policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.
Who was Samuel Gompers?
The leader of the American Federation of Labor (AFL).
Who was Henry Clay Frick?
The manager of Carnegie's Homestead Steel Mill during the Homestead Strike.
Who was Eugene V. Debs?
A labor leader and socialist who played a role in the Pullman Strike.
Who were the Pinkerton guards?
A private security force used by companies to suppress strikes, notably in the Homestead Strike.
Who was Terence V. Powderly?
Leader of the Knights of Labor.
Who was Andrew Carnegie?
A leading industrialist in the steel industry.
Who was George Pullman?
Owner of the Pullman Palace Car Company.
Who was John Rockefeller?
A leading industrialist in the oil industry.
Who was J.P. Morgan?
A powerful banker and financier during the Gilded Age.
Who was Cornelius Vanderbilt?
A leading industrialist in the railroad industry.
What was the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?
A nationwide strike in response to wage cuts, resulting in federal intervention.
What was the Haymarket Riot (1886)?
A labor protest in Chicago that turned violent when a bomb was thrown, leading to public backlash against unions.
What was the Homestead Strike of 1892?
A strike at Carnegie's steel mill in Homestead, PA, involving Pinkerton guards and state militia, due to wage cuts.
What was the Pullman Strike of 1894?
A strike against the Pullman Palace Car Company due to wage cuts and poor conditions, resulting in federal intervention.
What was the Ludlow Massacre (1914)?
An attack by the National Guard on striking coal miners and their families in Ludlow, Colorado.
When was the National Labor Union founded?
1866
When was the Knights of Labor founded?
1869
When was the American Federation of Labor (AFL) founded?
1886
What was the Panic of 1873?
A financial crisis that led to an economic depression in the United States and Europe.
What was the 1901 Coal Strike?
A strike by coal miners that was suppressed by the state militia.