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What was the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?
A nationwide strike in response to wage cuts, resulting in federal intervention.
What was the Haymarket Riot (1886)?
A labor protest in Chicago that turned violent when a bomb was thrown, leading to public backlash against unions.
What was the Homestead Strike of 1892?
A strike at Carnegie's steel mill in Homestead, PA, involving Pinkerton guards and state militia, due to wage cuts.
What was the Pullman Strike of 1894?
A strike against the Pullman Palace Car Company due to wage cuts and poor conditions, resulting in federal intervention.
What was the Ludlow Massacre (1914)?
An attack by the National Guard on striking coal miners and their families in Ludlow, Colorado.
When was the National Labor Union founded?
1866
When was the Knights of Labor founded?
1869
When was the American Federation of Labor (AFL) founded?
1886
What was the Panic of 1873?
A financial crisis that led to an economic depression in the United States and Europe.
What was the 1901 Coal Strike?
A strike by coal miners that was suppressed by the state militia.
What were the causes and effects of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?
Cause: Wage cuts. Effect: Federal intervention and widespread disruption.
What were the causes and effects of the Haymarket Riot?
Cause: Labor protest for an 8-hour workday. Effect: Public backlash against unions and weakened Knights of Labor.
What were the causes and effects of the Homestead Strike?
Cause: Wage cuts at Carnegie's steel mill. Effect: Violence, state militia intervention, and weakening of the steelworkers' union.
What were the causes and effects of the Pullman Strike?
Cause: Wage cuts and poor conditions at Pullman Palace Car Company. Effect: Federal intervention, court injunctions, and suppression of the strike.
What were the causes and effects of rapid industrialization?
Cause: Technological advancements and investment. Effect: Economic growth, wealth concentration, and harsh working conditions.
What were the causes and effects of anti-union tactics?
Cause: Management's desire to maintain control and profits. Effect: Weakened labor unions and suppressed worker rights.
What were the causes and effects of the Panic of 1873?
Cause: Over-speculation and financial instability. Effect: Economic depression, decreased union membership, and dissolution of the NLU.
What were the causes and effects of child labor?
Cause: Poverty and demand for cheap labor. Effect: Exploitation of children, lack of education, and long-term health problems.
What were the causes and effects of immigration during the Gilded Age?
Cause: Economic opportunities and political/religious persecution. Effect: Increased labor supply, nativism, and cultural diversity.
What were the causes and effects of government intervention in strikes?
Cause: Pressure from business owners and concerns about public order. Effect: Suppression of strikes and weakening of labor unions.
Compare the goals of the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor (AFL).
Knights of Labor had broader, more idealistic goals (end child labor, abolish trusts), while the AFL focused on practical gains (better wages, working conditions).
Compare the government's response to the Great Railroad Strike and the Pullman Strike.
In both strikes, the government sided with business owners and used federal troops or court injunctions to suppress the strikes.
Compare the composition of the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor.
The Knights of Labor was more inclusive, accepting all workers regardless of skill, race, or gender, while the AFL primarily organized skilled workers.
Compare the impacts of the Homestead Strike and the Pullman Strike on the labor movement.
Both strikes demonstrated the power of management and government to suppress labor unrest, but the Pullman Strike had a more immediate impact due to federal intervention.
Compare the long-term effects of the Haymarket Riot and the Pullman Strike.
The Haymarket Riot damaged the public image of labor unions, while the Pullman Strike highlighted the government's pro-business stance.
Compare the effectiveness of the National Labor Union and the Knights of Labor.
The Knights of Labor was more effective than the NLU due to its broader goals and more inclusive membership.
Compare the strategies of management and labor during the Gilded Age.
Management used tactics like lockouts and blacklists, while labor used strikes and collective bargaining.
Compare the roles of state and federal governments in labor disputes.
State governments often used militia to suppress strikes, while the federal government used troops and court injunctions.
Compare the short-term and long-term impacts of industrialization.
Short-term: economic growth and harsh working conditions. Long-term: improved living standards and labor reforms.
Compare the causes of the Great Railroad Strike and the Homestead Strike.
Both strikes were caused by wage cuts, but the Homestead Strike also involved a lockout and the use of Pinkerton guards.