All Flashcards
What was the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?
A nationwide strike in response to wage cuts, resulting in federal intervention.
What was the Haymarket Riot (1886)?
A labor protest in Chicago that turned violent when a bomb was thrown, leading to public backlash against unions.
What was the Homestead Strike of 1892?
A strike at Carnegie's steel mill in Homestead, PA, involving Pinkerton guards and state militia, due to wage cuts.
What was the Pullman Strike of 1894?
A strike against the Pullman Palace Car Company due to wage cuts and poor conditions, resulting in federal intervention.
What was the Ludlow Massacre (1914)?
An attack by the National Guard on striking coal miners and their families in Ludlow, Colorado.
When was the National Labor Union founded?
1866
When was the Knights of Labor founded?
1869
When was the American Federation of Labor (AFL) founded?
1886
What was the Panic of 1873?
A financial crisis that led to an economic depression in the United States and Europe.
What was the 1901 Coal Strike?
A strike by coal miners that was suppressed by the state militia.
Compare the goals of the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor (AFL).
Knights of Labor had broader, more idealistic goals (end child labor, abolish trusts), while the AFL focused on practical gains (better wages, working conditions).
Compare the government's response to the Great Railroad Strike and the Pullman Strike.
In both strikes, the government sided with business owners and used federal troops or court injunctions to suppress the strikes.
Compare the composition of the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor.
The Knights of Labor was more inclusive, accepting all workers regardless of skill, race, or gender, while the AFL primarily organized skilled workers.
Compare the impacts of the Homestead Strike and the Pullman Strike on the labor movement.
Both strikes demonstrated the power of management and government to suppress labor unrest, but the Pullman Strike had a more immediate impact due to federal intervention.
Compare the long-term effects of the Haymarket Riot and the Pullman Strike.
The Haymarket Riot damaged the public image of labor unions, while the Pullman Strike highlighted the government's pro-business stance.
Compare the effectiveness of the National Labor Union and the Knights of Labor.
The Knights of Labor was more effective than the NLU due to its broader goals and more inclusive membership.
Compare the strategies of management and labor during the Gilded Age.
Management used tactics like lockouts and blacklists, while labor used strikes and collective bargaining.
Compare the roles of state and federal governments in labor disputes.
State governments often used militia to suppress strikes, while the federal government used troops and court injunctions.
Compare the short-term and long-term impacts of industrialization.
Short-term: economic growth and harsh working conditions. Long-term: improved living standards and labor reforms.
Compare the causes of the Great Railroad Strike and the Homestead Strike.
Both strikes were caused by wage cuts, but the Homestead Strike also involved a lockout and the use of Pinkerton guards.
Who was Samuel Gompers?
The leader of the American Federation of Labor (AFL).
Who was Henry Clay Frick?
The manager of Carnegie's Homestead Steel Mill during the Homestead Strike.
Who was Eugene V. Debs?
A labor leader and socialist who played a role in the Pullman Strike.
Who were the Pinkerton guards?
A private security force used by companies to suppress strikes, notably in the Homestead Strike.
Who was Terence V. Powderly?
Leader of the Knights of Labor.
Who was Andrew Carnegie?
A leading industrialist in the steel industry.
Who was George Pullman?
Owner of the Pullman Palace Car Company.
Who was John Rockefeller?
A leading industrialist in the oil industry.
Who was J.P. Morgan?
A powerful banker and financier during the Gilded Age.
Who was Cornelius Vanderbilt?
A leading industrialist in the railroad industry.