Industrialization and the Gilded Age, 1865–1898

Most Americans welcomed immigrants because they provided valuable labor for expanding industries.

Immigrants faced less discrimination than they had in previous periods due to shifting social norms.

There was an increase in nativist sentiment due to fear of job competition from immigrants.

Immigration policy remained largely unchanged across these periods of American history.

Lack of organization

They were super effective

Unions were largely ignored by workers

Surplus of labor, including unskilled immigrants, meant plenty of scabs

Samuel Gompers

Eugene V. Debs

Terence V. Powderly

Uriah S. Stephens

The rise of monopolies throughout the Second Industrial Revolution

The westward expansion's increase in demand for resources like oil and gas.

The adoption of protectionist tariffs supporting domestic manufacturing growth

The shift from agrarian to urban economies due to industrialization.

Criticism of unchecked economic speculation and societal acceptance thereof

Advocacy for direct governmental control over private finance sectors

The promotion of agrarian over industrial economic practices

Endorsement of industrial monopolies expansion

They highlighted societal flaws, fueling reform movements aiming at corporate and consumer protections.

They caused a resurgence in American literature focusing on social criticism.

They led directly to immediate federal financial regulation reforms.

They indirectly encouraged speculative investments, expanding westward settlements.

To argue for the abolition of the wage system entirely.

To demand the cessation of all international trade agreements.

To advocate for better working conditions and rights for laborers.

To encourage the global spread of industrial capitalism.

New technologies reduced workload due to automation resulting less pressure on workers.

Technological improvements generally led to safer and healthier workplaces.

Technological advancements led to increased production but also worsened working conditions through long hours and higher accident risks.

Technology served as an equalizer, bringing about uniformity in pay scales across different industries.

The increase in American territorial expansion overseas.

The consolidation of industrial monopolies through laissez-faire policies.

The onset of government involvement in desegregation efforts.

The growing intensity of labor disputes and the emergence of unions.

They match present-day discussions on educational reform and standardized testing in public schools.

They correspond to ongoing conversations about technological advancements in industry.

They mirror modern discussions on the balance between corporate rights and workers' rights.

They align with current debates over foreign policy and international trade agreements.