American Expansion, 1800–1848
Which individual's diplomatic efforts were pivotal in securing French support during the American Revolution?
Alexander Hamilton
Thomas Jefferson
John Adams
Benjamin Franklin
What rationale did President Harry S. Truman give for using atomic bombs against Japan, and how have historians differed on evaluating this decision?
All scholars assert that Truman wanted immediate unconditional surrender without considering other diplomatic options available at the time.
Historians agree that Truman sought to intimidate the Soviet Union with America's nuclear prowess rather than specifically ending World War II.
Truman claimed it was to end the war swiftly and save lives, while historians debate its necessity and moral implications given Japan's potential willingness to surrender.
Most historians dismiss any strategic military reasons for the bombing, focusing solely on its use as revenge for Pearl Harbor.
What was a significant effect of industrialization on American labor patterns in the mid-19th century?
Growth of factory jobs attracting immigrant workers.
Decline in agricultural employment due to poor soil conditions.
Expansion of homesteading opportunities following Native American treaties.
Increase in artisanal guilds protecting traditional craftsman workmanship.
Which environmental challenge significantly affected Great Plains farmers during the late nineteenth century?
Tsunamis
Forest fires
Dust storms
Earthquakes
Which technological advancement had the greatest impact on the American economy during the early 19th century?
The steam locomotive.
The mechanical reaper.
The telegraph.
The cotton gin.
Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution abolished slavery?
The Thirteenth Amendment
The Twelfth Amendment
The Fifteenth Amendment
The Fourteenth Amendment
Which combination of economic, political, and social factors most directly contributed to the escalation of sectional tensions in the United States prior to the Civil War?
Industrialization's impact on urban growth, labor union movements in major cities, and immigration patterns at the turn of the century.
The enforcement of British mercantilist policies, colonial resistance to taxation without representation, and Enlightenment ideas about government.
The development of sharecropping, Reconstruction-era legislation, and the emerging civil rights movement after emancipation.
The expansion of slavery into new territories, debates over states' rights, and the differing economic interests of the North and South.

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Which major event led to an increase in governmental regulation of businesses and markets at the turn of the 20th century?
The Gold Rush
The Progressive Era reforms
The War of Independence
Westward Expansion
Which nineteenth-century innovation most significantly altered Native American territories west of the Mississippi and their relations with the U.S. government?
Introduction of the repeating firearm
Railroad system construction
Establishment of federal Indian reservations under the Dawes Act
Homestead Act land grants
How did President Andrew Jackson's policies reflect a shift in American perspectives on class and democracy when juxtaposed against earlier colonial structures?
He promoted industrialization over agriculture aligning with Northern economic interests against Southern colonies' traditions.
He abolished slavery as part of democratic reforms contrasting with colonial practices of indentured servitude.
His policies favored common men’s participation in politics, contrasting with previous elitist voting qualifications.
He established strong federal control over states mirroring colonial dependence on imperial governance.