Industrialization and the Gilded Age, 1865–1898

A period of decline in industrial production and technological innovation.

An era marked by rapid industrialization, economic growth, and increasing social inequality.

A time of widespread social harmony and equitable distribution of wealth.

A period focused primarily on agricultural advancements with little industrial development.

A shift from an industrialized economy to an agrarian economy.

A transition from a manufacturing-based economy to a service-based economy.

A move from a trade-based economy to a command economy.

A transition from an agrarian economy to an industrialized one.

Agriculture

Textiles

Steel

Shipping

They led to a decrease in factory production.

They had minimal impact on daily life.

They revolutionized transportation and power, transforming industries and daily life.

They primarily affected agricultural practices.

Decreased availability of goods

Reduced consumer spending

Rise of consumer culture due to widely available mass-produced goods

Decline in technological innovation

John D. Rockefeller

Andrew Carnegie

Cornelius Vanderbilt

J.P. Morgan

Buying out competing steel companies to control the market.

Controlling all aspects of steel production, from raw materials to finished goods.

Investing in diverse industries unrelated to steel.

Collaborating with other steel companies to set prices.

Andrew Carnegie

John D. Rockefeller

J.P. Morgan

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Controlling all aspects of production from raw materials to finished products.

Buying out competitors to control the oil market.

Diversifying investments into multiple industries.

Creating new technologies for oil extraction.

The telephone

The automobile

The practical incandescent light bulb

The steam engine