#AP US History Study Guide: Immigration & Urbanization in the Gilded Age

Hey there, future AP US History champ! Let's break down the Gilded Age and make sure you're ready to ace that exam. We'll focus on immigration, urbanization, and all the juicy details you need to know. Let's get started! 🚀

#1. Introduction to the Gilded Age (Jump to this section)

The Gilded Age (1865-1898) was a time of massive change in the US, marked by rapid industrialization, economic growth, and a huge wave of immigration. This influx of people dramatically reshaped American society and culture. Think of it as a period of shiny surfaces (wealth for some) covering up major social issues (poverty, inequality). 💡

• Key Themes: * Rapid industrialization and economic expansion * Massive immigration from Europe and Asia * Rise of cities and urban challenges * Growing social and economic inequalities

#2. The Changing Face of Immigration (Jump to this section)

#2.1 Old vs. New Immigrants

The source of immigration shifted dramatically during this period. Understanding the difference between "old" and "new" immigrants is key!

• Old Immigrants (pre-1890s):
  • Primarily from Northern and Western Europe (Ireland, Germany, Britain)
  • Often Protestant, some Catholic (Irish)
  • Tended to be more skilled and assimilated more easily
• New Immigrants (post-1890s):

  • Primarily from Southern and Eastern Europe (Italy, Greece, Russia)

  • Often Catholic, Jewish, or Orthodox Christian

  • Tended to be poorer, less educated, and faced greater discrimination

#2.2 Immigration Restrictions

As immigration increased, so did calls for restrictions. Here's what you need to know:

• Ellis Island (opened 1892): The main entry point for European immigrants, located in New York Harbor. Imagine it as the gateway to a new life for millions. 🗽

• Angel Island (post-1910): The main entry point for Asian immigrants, located in San Francisco Bay. Often more restrictive than Ellis Island, particularly for Chinese immigrants.

• Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882: A landmark piece of legislation that banned Chinese laborers from immigrating to the US. It's a prime example of nativism and discrimination.

• Immigration Restriction League (1894): An organization that pushed for stricter immigration laws and literacy tests.

• Push and Pull Factors:

  • Push Factors: Reasons why people left their home countries (poverty, famine, persecution, political instability) ...