All Flashcards
What was the Spanish Flu?
A deadly H1N1 influenza pandemic that spread rapidly after World War I, killing millions worldwide.
When did the Spanish Flu occur?
1918-1920.
What was the initial name for HIV-AIDS?
GRID (Gay-Related Immunodeficiency).
When was HIV-AIDS first identified?
Late 1900s.
What public health measures emerged after the Spanish Flu?
Increased emphasis on hand washing, tissue use, and social distancing.
What is significant about the development of mRNA vaccines?
Rapid development of vaccines like Adenovirus and mRNA vaccines was highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic.
What is the primary mode of transmission for Cholera?
Bacterial infection through contaminated water.
How is Tuberculosis (TB) spread?
Airborne (coughs and sneezes).
What is a key factor contributing to the spread of HIV-AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa?
Limited access to contraception and high rates of STIs.
What is the primary mode of transmission for Malaria?
Mosquitoes.
What were the causes and effects of the Spanish Flu pandemic?
Cause: H1N1 virus, spread by troop movements during WWI. Effects: Millions dead, increased public health measures.
What are the causes and effects of increased chronic diseases in MDCs?
Cause: Increased life expectancy, lifestyle factors. Effects: Higher rates of heart disease, cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's.
What are the causes and effects of HIV-AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa?
Cause: Limited access to contraception, high rates of STIs. Effects: Widespread infection, strain on healthcare systems.
What were the causes and effects of Cholera?
Cause: Bacterial infection through contaminated water. Effects: Severe diarrhea, dehydration, and potential death.
What were the causes and effects of Tuberculosis (TB)?
Cause: Airborne transmission. Effects: Lung damage, respiratory illness, and potential death.
What were the causes and effects of Malaria?
Cause: Parasite transmitted by mosquitoes. Effects: Fever, chills, and potential death.
What were the causes and effects of Alzheimer's Disease?
Cause: Primarily affects older adults. Effects: Memory loss and cognitive decline.
What are the causes and effects of COVID-19?
Cause: Novel coronavirus. Effects: Rapid development of vaccines like Adenovirus and mRNA vaccines.
What is the cause and effect of increased contraceptive usage?
Cause: Increased access to contraception. Effect: Lower rates of STIs like HIV-AIDS.
What is the cause and effect of vaccine development?
Cause: Medical advancements. Effect: Drastically reduced incidence of many diseases.
What is a pandemic?
A widespread epidemic occurring over a large geographic area and affecting a significant proportion of the population.
What is an epidemic?
A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.
Define contagious disease.
A disease that is transmitted from person to person or animal to person.
Define chronic disease.
A non-transmissible disease, often related to aging or lifestyle factors.
What is Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)?
A preventative treatment, like Truvada, highly effective in preventing HIV transmission.
Define Tuberculosis (TB).
An infectious disease that is airborne and spread through coughs and sneezes.
Define Cholera.
A bacterial infection spread through contaminated water, causing severe diarrhea and dehydration.
Define Malaria.
A disease caused by a parasite transmitted by mosquitoes, leading to fever, chills, and potentially death.
Define Alzheimer's Disease.
A neurological condition primarily affecting older adults, leading to memory loss and cognitive decline.
What is H1N1 flu?
Also known as the Spanish Flu, a particularly deadly influenza pandemic.