The right to vote in political elections.

A system of segregation and discrimination based on race, specifically in South Africa.

Laws enforcing segregation and discrimination against African Americans in the United States.

Labor camps used in China (1957-2013) to punish those who broke the law or opposed the government.

A communist plan in China to transform the country from an agrarian to a communist society, resulting in widespread famine.

A UN General Assembly document adopted in 1948 outlining 30 articles of fundamental rights for all people.

Policy under Mao Zedong where landowners were stripped of land and it was given to peasant communities; resulted in terror and executions.

The communist state established in China in 1949 after the Chinese Civil War.

The political party that instituted apartheid in South Africa in 1948.

An Australian law that made discrimination against indigenous Aborigines illegal.

Both fought against systemic discrimination, but in different contexts. The US movement focused on desegregation and equal rights within an existing nation, while the South African movement aimed to overthrow a system of racial separation and minority rule.

Similarities include loss of land, cultural suppression, and forced assimilation. Differences lie in the specific policies and historical contexts of each region.

Both aimed to eliminate discrimination based on race, but the US act addressed a broader range of civil rights issues, while the Australian act specifically targeted discrimination against indigenous Aborigines.

Both were communist policies implemented by Mao Zedong. The Great Leap Forward aimed for rapid industrialization and agricultural collectivization, leading to famine. Land redistribution involved taking land from landowners and giving it to peasants, often through violent means. Both policies resulted in significant human rights violations and social disruption.

King advocated for nonviolent resistance and integration, while Malcolm X initially promoted Black nationalism and self-defense, though his views evolved later in his life.

Both resulted in systematic discrimination and oppression. The Aborigines Act led to forced separation of children, while Apartheid involved comprehensive racial segregation and denial of basic rights.

Both served as inspiration for other human rights movements worldwide. The US movement influenced struggles for racial equality, while the Anti-Apartheid Movement demonstrated the power of international pressure in dismantling discriminatory systems.

International pressure (UN embargo) played a significant role in ending Apartheid, while its influence on China's human rights policies has been more limited, though it has raised awareness and prompted some reforms.

Strategies varied from peaceful protests and lobbying to more militant actions. The timing and success of these efforts depended on the specific political and social contexts of each country.

The UDHR is a global declaration, not legally binding, but serves as a moral standard for all nations. National constitutions are legally binding within their respective countries and provide specific protections for citizens' rights.

Cause: Mao's attempt to rapidly transform China into a communist society. Effect: Widespread famine and social disruption.

Cause: The Afrikaner National Party's desire to maintain white minority rule. Effect: Segregation, discrimination, international sanctions, and eventual dismantling of the system.

Cause: Desire to maintain racial hierarchy after emancipation. Effect: Segregation and discrimination against African Americans.

Cause: Conflict between Nationalist and Communist forces for control of China. Effect: Establishment of the People's Republic of China and communist rule.

Cause: Segregation and discrimination against African Americans. Effect: Increased rights and protections for African Americans, desegregation, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Cause: European colonization and the desire to control indigenous populations. Effect: Heavy restrictions on natives, including forced separation of children from their parents.

Cause: Increased access to education. Effect: Protests against restrictive systems and challenges to inequalities in job opportunities, voting, and political participation.

Cause: Systemic racial segregation and discrimination against non-white citizens in South Africa. Effect: International pressure, UN embargo, end of apartheid, and Nelson Mandela becoming President.

Cause: Mao Zedong's communist policies aimed at collectivizing land. Effect: Terror, executions of landowners, and transfer of land to peasant communities.

Cause: Growing awareness of the mistreatment of indigenous Aborigines. Effect: Made discrimination against indigenous Aborigines illegal.