All Flashcards
What is a bureaucracy?
A large, complex organization with a hierarchical structure, division of labor, and standardized procedures.
What is meritocracy?
A system where individuals are selected and promoted based on their abilities and talent.
What is the Civil Service Exam?
An exam used to select government officials based on merit and knowledge of Confucian classics.
What is Scholar Gentry?
A new social class of educated elites who passed the civil service exams and held government positions.
What is the tribute system?
System of international relations where smaller states paid tribute to China.
What is foot binding?
A practice to make women more desirable, also a sign of wealth.
What is the Grand Canal?
Massive waterway connecting the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers, boosting trade.
What is Champa Rice?
Fast-growing rice from Vietnam, increased food supply.
What is a patriarchal society?
A society where men dominate most systems of power.
What is a hierarchy?
A system of ranking where people are organized by status or importance.
Compare the Tang and Song Dynasties.
The Tang Dynasty was a golden age with cultural and territorial expansion, while the Song Dynasty focused on economic and technological advancements.
Compare Japan, Korea, and Vietnam's relationship with China.
Korea adopted many Chinese systems, Vietnam resisted, and Japan selectively borrowed while maintaining its unique culture.
Compare the bureaucracy in the Tang and Song Dynasties.
Both dynasties used bureaucracy, but the Song Dynasty's system was more merit-based and efficient due to the civil service exam.
Compare the economic focus of the Tang and Song Dynasties.
The Tang Dynasty focused on trade along the Silk Road, while the Song Dynasty emphasized internal trade and technological innovation.
Compare the social structure of China and Japan.
China had a scholar-gentry class, while Japan had a feudal system with samurai and daimyo.
Compare the influence of Confucianism in Korea and Vietnam.
Korea heavily adopted Confucianism, while Vietnam had limited Confucian influence.
Compare Japan's and China's approach to the civil service exam.
China embraced the civil service exam, while Japan did not adopt it.
Compare the military strength of the Tang and Song Dynasties.
The Tang Dynasty had a strong military and expanded territorially, while the Song Dynasty faced military challenges.
Compare the status of women in the Tang and Song Dynasties.
While both were patriarchal, foot binding became more prevalent in the Song Dynasty, further limiting women's roles.
Compare the political systems of Japan and Korea.
Japan had a feudal system, while Korea adopted a centralized system influenced by China.
What were the causes and effects of the Sui Dynasty's downfall?
Causes: Internal conflicts and instability. Effects: Short-lived dynasty, but laid the groundwork for the Tang.
What were the causes and effects of the Tang Dynasty's decline?
Causes: Internal issues, economic problems, and invasions. Effects: End of the golden age, political fragmentation.
What were the causes and effects of the Song Dynasty's economic growth?
Causes: Stability, new technologies, and trade. Effects: Increased urbanization, paper money, and technological advancements.
What were the causes and effects of the civil service exam?
Causes: Desire for a merit-based bureaucracy. Effects: Rise of the scholar-gentry and a more efficient government.
What were the causes and effects of Champa rice introduction?
Causes: Introduction of new rice variety from Vietnam. Effects: Increased food supply and population growth.
What were the causes and effects of foot binding?
Causes: Patriarchal society and desire to control women. Effects: Physical limitations on women and reinforcement of social hierarchy.
What were the causes and effects of the Grand Canal?
Causes: Need for better trade routes. Effects: Boosted trade and communication.
What were the causes and effects of gunpowder?
Causes: Discovery during alchemical experiments. Effects: Revolutionized warfare.
What were the causes and effects of the tribute system?
Causes: China's desire for regional influence. Effects: Economic benefits for China and recognition of Chinese dominance.
What were the causes and effects of the Song Dynasty facing challenges from the Jurchen-led Jin Dynasty?
Causes: Military weakness of the Song Dynasty. Effects: Loss of territory and eventual decline.