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Who was Osman I?
Founder of the Ottoman Empire.
Who was Ismail I?
Founder of the Safavid Empire, establishing Shia Islam as the official religion.
Who was Sonni Ali?
Founder of the Songhai Empire.
Who was Babur?
Founder of the Mughal Empire, with lineage to Timur and Genghis Khan.
Who was Catherine the Great?
Expanded the Russian Empire and oversaw major cultural achievements.
Who was Napoleon Bonaparte?
Founder of the French Empire, impacting European politics.
Who was Martin Luther?
Initiated the Protestant Reformation with his 95 Theses.
Who was Emperor Aurangzeb?
Mughal emperor whose death weakened the empire.
Who was Tokugawa?
Unified Japan under a military dictatorship, leading to the Edo Period.
Who was Genghis Khan?
A historical figure with lineage to Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire.
What was the significance of the Ottoman Conquest of Constantinople in 1453?
Marked the end of the Byzantine Empire and the rise of the Ottoman Empire as a major power.
What was the impact of completing the Sun Temple in Cuzco in 1471?
Symbolized the consolidation of Inca power and religious authority.
What was the effect of Martin Luther's 95 Theses in 1517?
Sparked the Protestant Reformation, challenging the Catholic Church's authority.
What was the significance of the founding of the first Sikh community in 1526?
Marked the beginning of Sikhism as a distinct religious tradition.
What was the result of the Tokugawa Shogunate unifying Japan in 1600?
Brought peace and stability to Japan under a military dictatorship, leading to the Edo Period.
What was the impact of the founding of the Qing Dynasty in 1644?
Marked the beginning of the last imperial dynasty of China, founded by the Manchu.
What was the Palace of Versailles completed in 1682?
Symbolized the power and wealth of the French monarchy under Louis XIV.
What was the effect of the death of Emperor Aurangzeb in 1707?
Weakened the Mughal Empire, leading to its eventual decline.
What was the impact of the Meiji Restoration?
Marked the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate and the beginning of modernization and westernization in Japan.
What was the result of Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo?
Marked the end of the French Empire and Napoleon's reign.
What were the causes and effects of improved gunpowder technology?
Cause: Development of new weapons. Effect: More decisive wars and efficient conquests.
What were the causes and effects of the Sakoku Policy?
Cause: Desire for stability and control. Effect: Isolation of Japan, economic and cultural development.
What were the causes and effects of religious conflicts within empires?
Cause: Religious differences. Effect: Internal unrest and weakening of empires.
What were the causes and effects of the Columbian Exchange?
Cause: Exploration and colonization of the Americas. Effect: Widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, and diseases.
What were the causes and effects of the weakening of the Mughal Empire?
Cause: Death of Emperor Aurangzeb. Effect: Eventual decline and takeover by the British East India Company.
What were the causes and effects of the Protestant Reformation?
Cause: Martin Luther's 95 Theses. Effect: Challenging the Catholic Church's authority and religious conflicts.
What were the causes and effects of the expansion of trade routes?
Cause: Desire for resources and economic growth. Effect: Increased wealth and power for land-based empires.
What were the causes and effects of the decline of nomadic empires?
Cause: Rise of centralized land-based empires and improved military technology. Effect: More room for land-based empires to expand.
What were the causes and effects of the Russian Revolution?
Cause: Social and economic inequality, political unrest. Effect: End of the Russian Empire and establishment of the Soviet Union.
What were the causes and effects of the Taiping Rebellion?
Cause: Internal unrest and social inequality in China. Effect: Weakening of the Qing Dynasty.