What was the Atlantic Slave Trade?
Forced transportation of Africans to the Americas for labor, causing demographic changes and weakening African kingdoms.
What was Native American Depopulation?
Decline of Native American population due to European diseases like smallpox and typhoid.
What was the impact of the Commercial Revolution?
Transformation to a trade-based economy using gold and silver, driven by colonial expansion and new trade routes.
What was the impact of the Price Revolution?
Inflation caused by increased mining (silver) leading to increased prices, debt, and social unrest.
What was the effect of Economic Disputes?
Rivalries and conflicts between states vying for resources and power.
Describe the impact of Intensified Labor.
Increased demand for food and goods led to more peasant and artisan labor.
What was the effect of establishing Colonial Governments?
Spanish and Portuguese established viceroys and audiencias to govern the colonies.
What was the effect of the loss of native culture?
Destruction of native literature, art, and languages due to colonization.
What was the effect of the development of Syncretic Religions?
Blending of native and colonial traditions, such as Santeria and Vodun.
Describe the social hierarchy in the Americas.
Peninsulares had the most power, followed by Creoles, then mixed peoples, Native Americans, and African slaves.
Causes and effects of Mercantilism?
Cause: Desire to maximize exports and minimize imports. Effect: Colonies exist to benefit the mother country.
Causes and effects of Joint-Stock Companies?
Cause: Need to finance ventures with reduced individual risk. Effect: Investors pool money, like the British and Dutch East India Companies.
Causes and effects of the Commercial Revolution?
Causes: Colonial expansion, new trade routes, population growth, inflation. Effects: Shift to trade-based economy, increased demand, Price Revolution.
Causes and effects of the Price Revolution?
Cause: Increased mining (silver) leading to inflation. Effect: Prices increased, debt, social unrest.
Causes and effects of the Atlantic Slave Trade?
Causes: Demand for labor in the Americas. Effects: Demographic changes in Africa, forced labor, cultural mixing in the Americas.
Causes and effects of Native American Depopulation?
Cause: European diseases. Effect: Loss of native culture, establishment of colonial governments.
Causes and effects of Intensified Labor?
Cause: Growing demand for food and consumer goods. Effect: More peasant and artisan labor.
Causes and effects of Syncretic Religions?
Cause: Interaction between native and colonial traditions. Effect: Blending of beliefs, such as Santeria and Vodun.
Causes and effects of Economic Disputes?
Cause: Economic competition between states. Effect: Rivalries and conflicts.
Causes and effects of Colonial Governments?
Cause: Need to govern new territories. Effect: Establishment of viceroys and audiencias.
What is Mercantilism?
Economic policy maximizing exports and minimizing imports; colonies benefit the mother country.
What are Joint-Stock Companies?
Investors pool money to finance ventures, reducing individual risk.
What was the Commercial Revolution?
Global shift to a trade-based economy using gold and silver.
What was the Price Revolution?
Prices increased due to inflation, leading to debt and social unrest.
Define Syncretic Religions.
Blending of native and colonial traditions.
What is Triangular Trade?
Europe trades manufactured goods for enslaved Africans, who are traded for raw materials in the Americas.
Define Peninsulares.
People born in Europe, held the highest positions of power in the Americas.
Define Creoles.
People of European descent born in the Americas, less power than Peninsulares.
What is an Audiencia?
Colonial courts established by the Spanish in the Americas.
What is a Viceroy?
Representatives of the Spanish crown who governed the colonies.
