All Flashcards
Who was Akbar the Great?
Mughal emperor known for his religious tolerance, including abolishing the jizya tax and supporting Sikhism.
Who was Louis XIV?
Absolute monarch of France who centralized government and famously said, 'I am the state'.
Who were Ferdinand and Isabella?
Spanish monarchs who expelled Jews from Spain, contributing to the Jewish diaspora.
Who was Roxelana?
A slave who rose to become the wife of an Ottoman Sultan, demonstrating some social mobility for women.
What were the causes and effects of the transatlantic slave trade?
Causes: Demand for labor in the Americas, European colonialism. Effects: Decimation of African populations, creation of racial hierarchies, economic growth for European powers.
What were the causes and effects of the Enlightenment?
Causes: Scientific Revolution, questioning of traditional authority. Effects: Increased tolerance, reform movements, but persistent prejudice.
What were the causes and effects of Manchu rule in China?
Causes: Weakening of the Ming Dynasty, military strength of the Manchus. Effects: Imposition of Manchu culture, resistance from Han Chinese, expansion of the empire.
What were the causes and effects of European colonization of the Americas?
Causes: Desire for wealth, resources, and power. Effects: Creation of racial hierarchies, decimation of indigenous populations, economic exploitation, and cultural exchange.
What were the causes and effects of the Jewish Diaspora?
Causes: Increased anti-Semitism, expulsions from Spain and other regions. Effects: Migration to North Africa, the Middle East, and other parts of the world, cultural exchange, and the establishment of new communities.
What were the causes and effects of the rise of Gunpowder Empires?
Causes: Mastery of gunpowder technology, strong centralized leadership. Effects: Expansion of territory, consolidation of power, cultural and economic development, and religious tolerance or intolerance.
Compare social hierarchies in British North America and Spanish/Portuguese colonies.
British North America: Europeans, Natives, and African slaves remained mostly separate. Spanish/Portuguese colonies: Encouraged mixing to 'whiten' society, resulting in castas.
Compare the Ottoman and Mughal Empires regarding religious tolerance.
Ottoman Empire: Surprising religious tolerance for Jews and Christians (though they paid the jizya tax). Mughal Empire (under Akbar): Even more tolerance, abolished the jizya tax and supported Sikhism.
Compare the social structures of Europe and Russia during this period.
Both had similar social classes (nobility, merchants, peasants), but Russia continued serfdom while Western Europe saw its decline.