All Flashcards
When did the American Revolution begin?
- Fueled by colonists' desire for independence from Great Britain due to unfair taxation.
When did the French Revolution begin?
- Caused by debt and social inequality, leading to the lower classes rising against the monarchy.
When did the Haitian Revolution begin?
- The only successful slave revolt in history, led by Toussaint Louverture.
When did the Latin American Revolutions begin?
- Creoles revolted against the Spanish government, led by Simon Bolivar, resulting in newly independent states.
When did the Opium Wars between China and Britain occur?
- Conflict between China and Britain over the opium trade, resulting in unequal treaties and increased Western influence in China.
When was the Seneca Falls Convention?
- A key event in the women's rights movement, advocating for feminism and abolitionism.
When was the American Civil War?
1861-1865. A conflict between the Union and Confederate states over slavery and states' rights.
When was the Meiji Restoration?
- A period of modernization and westernization in Japan, leading to its rise as a major power.
When was the Scramble for Africa?
1870s. A period of rapid colonization of the African continent by European powers.
When was the Spanish-American War?
- A conflict between Spain and the United States, resulting in the U.S. acquiring territories such as Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines.
What is the Enlightenment?
17th-18th century movement emphasizing reason, rationality, and individualism, challenging traditional authority.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
The transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Americas, West Africa, and the Old World in the 15th and 16th centuries.
What are mercantile maritime empires?
Empires focused on sea trade and mercantilist economic policies, aiming to maximize exports and accumulate wealth.
What is the triangular trade?
A trade system involving Europe, Africa, and the Americas, where Europe traded manufactured goods for enslaved people in Africa, who were sent to the Americas for raw materials.
What is the Industrial Revolution?
A period of major industrialization that took place during the late 1700s and early 1800s. Shift from agriculture to manufacturing; goods no longer made by hand but by machines.
What is the First Industrial Revolution?
Transition from cottage industries to steam-powered factories, primarily in Great Britain and Europe.
What is the Second Industrial Revolution?
Built upon the first, with developments in oil, steel, electricity, and chemicals.
What is Nationalism?
Identification with one's own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations.
What is Imperialism?
A policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means.
What is Capitalism?
An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
What were the causes and effects of the American Revolution?
Causes: Unfair taxation. Effects: Establishment of the United States in 1783.
What were the causes and effects of the French Revolution?
Causes: Debt from wars and social inequality. Effects: Overthrow of the monarchy and social upheaval.
What were the causes and effects of the Haitian Revolution?
Causes: Enslaved people's desire for freedom. Effects: Independent Haiti and inspiration for other slave revolts.
What were the causes and effects of the Latin American Revolutions?
Causes: Creole discontent with Spanish rule. Effects: Newly independent states in Latin America.
What were the causes and effects of the Industrial Revolution?
Causes: New technologies and access to resources. Effects: Shift to factory production, urbanization, and new social classes.
What were the causes and effects of increased productivity during the Industrial Revolution?
Causes: Industrialization and technological advancements. Effects: More affordable goods, economic growth, social and cultural changes.
What were the causes and effects of increased demand for raw materials?
Causes: Industrial Revolution and increased production. Effects: New sources acquired by steamship, leading to imperialism.
What were the causes and effects of harsh working conditions during the Industrial Revolution?
Causes: Capitalism and the drive for profit. Effects: Rise of labor unions and movements for government protections.
What were the causes and effects of Imperialism?
Causes: Industrialization, nationalism, and desire for resources. Effects: Colonies in the Americas, Africa, and Asia, resistance and rebellion against colonialism.
What were the causes and effects of Nationalism?
Causes: Shared culture, language, and history. Effects: Conflicts between nations and ethnic groups, unification movements.