All Flashcards
What is industrialization?
The process of transforming from an agrarian society to one based on manufacturing.
What is technological diffusion?
The spread of new technologies from one place to another.
Define defensive modernization.
Industrializing to protect traditions and sovereignty.
What is steam power?
Power generated by steam, used to drive machinery and transportation.
What is meant by 'state-driven' industrialization?
Industrialization led by the government, not private companies.
Define 'economic dominance shift'.
A change in which regions hold the most economic power.
What is infrastructure?
Basic physical and organizational structures needed for a society or enterprise to operate.
Define 'textile production'.
The manufacturing of cloth and woven fabrics.
What is meant by 'rapid adoption' in the context of industrialization?
Quickly adapting to and implementing new technologies.
What is a labor force?
The total number of workers available for employment.
What was the significance of German unification?
It boosted Germany into a major industrial power.
What was the impact of the Trans-Siberian Railroad?
It boosted economic growth in Russia.
What was the impact of the 1917 Russian Revolution?
It accelerated industrialization under a communist government.
What was the effect of steam power on production?
It increased factory output and improved transportation.
What was the impact of immigration boom on US industrialization?
Provided a large labor force for factories.
What happened in France post-war?
France focused on industrializing, particularly in textiles and metal.
What was the effect of industrialization on global trade?
Europe and the U.S. took control of most manufacturing.
What happened to economic power during industrialization?
It shifted from East Asia to Europe.
What was the effect of industrialization on shipbuilding in India and SE Asia?
These regions couldn't compete with industrialized nations, leading to decline.
What was the effect of industrialization on iron works in India?
These regions couldn't compete with industrialized nations, leading to decline.
What were the causes and effects of industrialization spreading beyond Great Britain?
Causes: Economic and political benefits seen by other countries. Effects: Boosted economies and power, but also led to global disparities.
What were the causes and effects of the US industrialization?
Causes: Immigration boom, access to resources. Effects: Rapid growth, leading industrial power by 1900.
What were the causes and effects of Russia's state-driven industrialization?
Causes: Government policies, need to modernize. Effects: Massive infrastructure projects, accelerated industrialization.
What were the causes and effects of Japan's defensive modernization?
Causes: Desire to protect traditions and sovereignty. Effects: Rapid adoption of technologies, education focus.
What were the causes and effects of steam power?
Causes: Technological innovation. Effects: Increased output, faster transport, global shift in manufacturing control.
What were the causes and effects of the decline of traditional manufacturing in the Middle East and Asia?
Causes: Competition from industrialized nations. Effects: Affected industries like shipbuilding, iron works, and textiles.
What were the causes and effects of the shift in economic dominance from East to West?
Causes: Fossil fuel energy use in Europe. Effects: Europe's rise in global economic power.
What were the causes and effects of focusing on coal and steel in Germany?
Causes: Natural resources and industrial strategy. Effects: Germany became a leader in these crucial industries.
What were the causes and effects of a highly literate population in Japan?
Causes: Education focus. Effects: Facilitated tech adoption and rapid industrialization.
What were the causes and effects of factories concentrating in the northeastern states of the US?
Causes: Access to resources, established infrastructure. Effects: Regional economic growth and urbanization.