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What is industrialization?
The process of transforming from an agrarian society to one based on manufacturing.
What is technological diffusion?
The spread of new technologies from one place to another.
Define defensive modernization.
Industrializing to protect traditions and sovereignty.
What is steam power?
Power generated by steam, used to drive machinery and transportation.
What is meant by 'state-driven' industrialization?
Industrialization led by the government, not private companies.
Define 'economic dominance shift'.
A change in which regions hold the most economic power.
What is infrastructure?
Basic physical and organizational structures needed for a society or enterprise to operate.
Define 'textile production'.
The manufacturing of cloth and woven fabrics.
What is meant by 'rapid adoption' in the context of industrialization?
Quickly adapting to and implementing new technologies.
What is a labor force?
The total number of workers available for employment.
What were the causes and effects of industrialization spreading beyond Great Britain?
Causes: Economic and political benefits seen by other countries. Effects: Boosted economies and power, but also led to global disparities.
What were the causes and effects of the US industrialization?
Causes: Immigration boom, access to resources. Effects: Rapid growth, leading industrial power by 1900.
What were the causes and effects of Russia's state-driven industrialization?
Causes: Government policies, need to modernize. Effects: Massive infrastructure projects, accelerated industrialization.
What were the causes and effects of Japan's defensive modernization?
Causes: Desire to protect traditions and sovereignty. Effects: Rapid adoption of technologies, education focus.
What were the causes and effects of steam power?
Causes: Technological innovation. Effects: Increased output, faster transport, global shift in manufacturing control.
What were the causes and effects of the decline of traditional manufacturing in the Middle East and Asia?
Causes: Competition from industrialized nations. Effects: Affected industries like shipbuilding, iron works, and textiles.
What were the causes and effects of the shift in economic dominance from East to West?
Causes: Fossil fuel energy use in Europe. Effects: Europe's rise in global economic power.
What were the causes and effects of focusing on coal and steel in Germany?
Causes: Natural resources and industrial strategy. Effects: Germany became a leader in these crucial industries.
What were the causes and effects of a highly literate population in Japan?
Causes: Education focus. Effects: Facilitated tech adoption and rapid industrialization.
What were the causes and effects of factories concentrating in the northeastern states of the US?
Causes: Access to resources, established infrastructure. Effects: Regional economic growth and urbanization.
Compare the industrialization of Japan and Russia.
Japan: Defensive modernization, rapid adoption. Russia: State-driven, focused on infrastructure. Both: Rapid industrialization, government involvement.
Compare industrialization in Western Europe and Russia.
Western Europe: Driven by private investment. Russia: Driven by government policies.
Compare the impact of industrialization on industrialized and non-industrialized nations.
Industrialized: Increased wealth and power. Non-industrialized: Economic decline and dependence.
Compare the roles of government in the industrialization of the US and Russia.
US: Less direct government control. Russia: Government-led industrialization.
Compare the initial focus of industrialization in France and Germany.
France: Textiles and metal. Germany: Coal and steel.
Compare the labor sources for industrialization in the US and Russia.
US: Immigration. Russia: Internal migration and serf labor.
Compare the speed of industrialization in Japan and France.
Japan: Rapid adoption. France: Delayed start.
Compare the reasons for industrialization in Great Britain and Japan.
Great Britain: Economic expansion. Japan: Defensive modernization.
Compare the impact of industrialization on traditional manufacturing in India and Egypt.
Both experienced decline due to competition from industrialized nations.
Compare the use of steam power in Europe and the United States.
Both used steam power to boost production and improve transportation.