A British businessman, mining magnate, and politician in South Africa who played a dominant role in British colonial policies.

The King of Belgium who established the Congo Free State as his personal colony and oversaw brutal exploitation of its resources and people.

The leader of a large Andean uprising against the Spanish in Peru, taking his name from the last Incan monarch.

A West African Muslim cleric and military leader who fought against French colonial rule in the late 19th century.

The Queen Mother of Ejisu in the Ashanti Empire - led the Ashanti rebellion against British colonialism in Ghana.

Causes: Demand for raw materials and new markets. Effects: Increased European power and expansion, exploitation of colonies.

Causes: British desire to trade opium in China. Effects: Unequal treaties, loss of Chinese sovereignty, increased Western influence.

Causes: European powers' desire to colonize Africa. Effects: Partition of Africa, disregard for African boundaries, long-term political instability.

Causes: Discovery of diamonds in South Africa. Effects: Increased British involvement, exploitation of African labor, economic development in the region.

Causes: Darwin's theory of evolution applied to society. Effects: Justification for imperialism, racism, and exploitation of colonized people.

Causes: Sepoy grievances, cultural insensitivity. Effects: Dissolution of the East India Company, direct British rule, increased Indian nationalism.

Causes: Desire to shorten trade routes. Effects: Increased trade, British influence in Egypt, strategic importance of the region.

Causes: Fear of competition for jobs, racist ideologies. Effects: Exclusion of non-European immigrants, shaping Australia's demographic and cultural identity.

Causes: Japan's desire for influence in Korea. Effects: Japanese victory, control over Korea, decline of Qing Dynasty.

Causes: US expansionism, Cuban independence movement. Effects: US acquisition of territories, rise of US as a global power.

The policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means.

A situation in which one country has a significant degree of economic control over another.

A form of colonialism involving large-scale immigration and settlers displacing indigenous populations to take land.

The decline of industrial activity in a region or economy.

The application of Darwinian ideas of evolution and 'survival of the fittest' to human societies as a justification for imperialist expansion.

The rule of the British Crown in India between 1858 and 1947.

A set of historical policies that aimed to exclude people of non-European ethnic origin from immigrating to Australia.

A system of labor where individuals work to pay off a debt, often used after the abolition of the slave trade.

A meeting of European powers in 1884 to regulate European colonization and trade in Africa, leading to the partitioning of the continent.

A treaty signed in 1842, ending the First Opium War, marking the beginning of unequal treaties between China and Western powers.

A raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold, such as coffee, palm oil, or cotton.

A geographic area with high ethnic concentration, characteristic cultural identity, and economic activity.