All Flashcards
What is Colonialism?
Establishing colonies and controlling local resources.
What is Imperialism?
Domination through political, economic, and military control.
What is Industrialization?
The rise of factories and capitalist economies.
What is Nationalism?
Movements for new nation-states.
Define 'Effective Occupation'.
Principle used at the Berlin Conference; control = claim.
What does 'Deindustrialization' mean?
Decline of local industries due to foreign economic control.
Define 'Indirect Rule'.
Control through local rulers and economic incentives.
What is a 'Protectorate'?
A state controlled and protected by another.
What is 'Forced Assimilation'?
Imposing the culture of the colonizer on the colonized.
What is 'Resource Extraction'?
Removing resources from a colonized territory for the benefit of the colonizer.
What happened in 1882 in Egypt?
Britain invaded and occupied Egypt to control the Suez Canal.
What was the significance of the Suez Canal (built in 1869)?
Shortened trade routes between Europe and Asia; vital to British interests.
What was the Berlin Conference (1884-1885)?
European powers established rules for the partition of Africa.
What was the result of the Battle of Plassey (1757)?
Marked the beginning of British control in India.
What happened in 1875 regarding the Suez Canal?
Britain purchased shares in the Suez Canal.
What was the result of the Spanish-American War in 1898?
US gained control of Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines.
When did Britain establish a protectorate over Egypt?
1882, following invasion and occupation.
What territories did Britain control in West Africa?
Modern-day Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and The Gambia.
What territories did France control in Africa?
West and Central Africa, including Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Gabon, and Chad.
What was the impact of British land taxation in India?
Displacement of farmers and transformation of the agrarian economy.
What was the role of the British East India Company?
Expanded British control in India through indirect rule and economic incentives.