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What were the Opium Wars?
Two wars between Britain and China over the opium trade, resulting in China being forced to open its ports and cede Hong Kong.
What was the Treaty of Nanjing (1842)?
The treaty that ended the First Opium War. China opened ports, ceded Hong Kong, and paid an indemnity to Britain.
What was the Treaty of Tientsin (1860)?
A treaty that ended the Second Opium War. More ports opened, opium trade legalized, and foreign missionaries allowed in China.
What was the significance of British investment in Argentina's port?
Argentina relied heavily on British investment for infrastructure, leading to a debt trap and economic dependency.
What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution on economic imperialism?
The Industrial Revolution fueled the need for raw materials and new markets, driving European powers to expand globally.
What was the effect of the Opium Wars on the Chinese government?
The Chinese government was weakened and vulnerable to foreign influence as a result of the Opium Wars.
What was the social impact of the Opium Wars on China?
Opium addiction devastated Chinese society, creating widespread social problems.
What was the result of China's resistance to the opium trade?
China's attempts to stop the opium trade led to conflict with Britain, resulting in the Opium Wars.
What was the effect of the Treaty of Nanjing on China's sovereignty?
The Treaty of Nanjing was the first of many 'unequal treaties' that weakened China's sovereignty.
What was the long-term impact of the Treaty of Tientsin?
The Treaty of Tientsin further weakened China and increased foreign influence.
Define Economic Imperialism.
A country uses its economic power to control other countries, influencing resources, trade, and money.
What is Formal Economic Imperialism?
Direct control of a colony's government and economy by an imperial power, often involving colonization and tariffs.
What is Informal Economic Imperialism?
Control through economic pressure, not direct rule, using trade agreements, investment, and debt traps.
Define 'Debt Trap' in economic imperialism.
Lending money with strings attached, making countries dependent on the lender.
What are 'Unequal Treaties'?
Treaties that favored foreign powers and weakened the sovereignty and economy of another nation, often China in the 19th century.
Define 'Trade Deficit'.
When a country imports more goods and services than it exports.
What is 'Colonization'?
The establishment of colonies in a territory by people from another country.
What is 'Market Control'?
Dominating markets through ownership or trade manipulation.
Define 'Exploitation' in the context of economic imperialism.
Using the resources and labor of colonized peoples for the benefit of the imperial power.
What is the significance of 'Strategic Locations'?
Controlling key ports and transportation routes to facilitate trade and exert influence.
Compare Formal and Informal Economic Imperialism.
Formal: Direct control, colonization, tariffs. Informal: Indirect control, trade agreements, investment, debt traps.
Compare the Treaty of Nanjing and the Treaty of Tientsin.
Both are unequal treaties after the Opium Wars. Nanjing: ports opened, Hong Kong ceded. Tientsin: more ports, opium legalized, missionaries allowed.