What was the significance of World War I (1914-1918)?
Led to the redrawing of European boundaries, the collapse of empires, and the rise of new nations. Set the stage for future conflicts.
What was the Russian Revolution (1917)?
Overthrew the Tsarist autocracy and led to the establishment of the Soviet Union, the world's first communist state.
What was the Great Depression (1929-1933)?
A severe worldwide economic depression that led to widespread unemployment, poverty, and social unrest.
What was the significance of World War II (1939-1945)?
The deadliest conflict in human history, resulting in the deaths of millions and the reshaping of the global political order. Led to the creation of the UN.
What was the Holocaust (1941-1945)?
The systematic genocide of European Jews and other minority groups by Nazi Germany during World War II.
What was the Chinese Communist Revolution (1945-1950)?
Led to the establishment of the People's Republic of China under the leadership of Mao Zedong.
What was the significance of the attack on Pearl Harbor (1941)?
Brought the United States into World War II, shifting the balance of power against the Axis powers.
What was the Rwandan Genocide (1994)?
Mass slaughter of Tutsi in Rwanda by members of the Hutu majority government.
What was the Armenian Genocide (1915)?
The systematic destruction of the Armenian people by the Ottoman government.
What were the Paris Peace Conferences (1919)?
Meetings of the Allied victors, following the end of World War I to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers.
Causes and effects of Militarism?
Causes: Arms race, belief in military strength. Effects: Increased tensions, potential for large-scale conflict.
Causes and effects of Alliances?
Causes: Desire for security, mutual defense pacts. Effects: Escalation of conflicts, involvement of multiple nations.
Causes and effects of Imperialism?
Causes: Economic competition, desire for resources, nationalism. Effects: Colonial exploitation, conflicts over territory.
Causes and effects of Nationalism?
Causes: Shared culture, language, and history. Effects: Desire for independence, unification movements, ethnic tensions.
Causes and effects of the Great Depression?
Causes: Overproduction, decreased demand, stock market crash. Effects: Unemployment, poverty, rise of extremism.
Causes and effects of the Treaty of Versailles?
Causes: Allied desire to punish Germany after WWI. Effects: German resentment, economic hardship, rise of extremist ideologies.
Causes and effects of the policy of appeasement?
Causes: Desire to avoid war, belief that Hitler's demands were reasonable. Effects: Allowed Hitler to gain power, emboldened aggression, ultimately failed to prevent WWII.
Causes and effects of the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
Causes: To force Japan's surrender in WWII. Effects: Immediate devastation, long-term health consequences, end of WWII, beginning of the nuclear age.
Causes and effects of the formation of the United Nations?
Causes: Desire for international cooperation after WWII. Effects: Forum for diplomacy, peacekeeping operations, promotion of human rights.
Causes and effects of the Cold War?
Causes: Ideological differences between US and USSR, geopolitical competition. Effects: Arms race, proxy wars, division of Europe.
Define Militarism.
Belief that a nation should maintain a strong military and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.
Define Alliances.
Agreements between nations to support each other in case of war or conflict.
Define Imperialism.
A policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means.
Define Nationalism.
Identification with one's own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations.
Define Fascism.
A political ideology that emphasizes the importance of the nation or an ethnic group and the supreme authority of the leader.
Define Communism.
A political theory advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.
Define Appeasement.
A diplomatic policy of making political, material, or territorial concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid conflict.
Define Genocide.
The deliberate killing of a large number of people from a particular nation or ethnic group with the aim of destroying that nation or group.
Define Decolonization.
The process by which colonies become independent from the colonizing nation.
Define Cold War.
A state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (United States, its NATO allies and others).
